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Unit 1 - Biological Molecules > Chapter 1.21 Carbohydrates 1 Monosaccharides And Disaccharides > Flashcards

Chapter 1.21 Carbohydrates 1 Monosaccharides And Disaccharides Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define monomer

A

Small molecule

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2
Q

Define polymer

A

Long chain molecule made up of many repeating monomer joined by chemical bonds

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3
Q

Define macromolecule

A

Very large molecule formed by polymerisation

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4
Q

What is starch ?

A

Long chain of polymer formed of alpha glucose monomers

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5
Q

What is glucose ?

A

Hexose sugar

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6
Q

What is monosaccharide ?

A

Single sugar monomer

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7
Q

What is disaccharide ?

A

Sugar made up of two monosaccharide joined by condensation reaction

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8
Q

What is polysaccharide ?

A

Polymer made up of long chains of monosaccharide joined by glycosidic bond

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9
Q

What is a triose sugar ?

A

Sugar with 3 carbons

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10
Q

What is a pentose sugar ?

A

A sugar with five carbons

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11
Q

What is a hexose sugar?

A

Sugar with 6 carbons

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12
Q

What is ribose made of and what is it needed for?

A

Ribose sugar is made of hexose sugar and makes up part of RNA

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13
Q

What is deoxyribose and what is it needed for?

A

It is a pentose sugar and needed for the structure of DNA

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14
Q

What is the non abbreviated name for DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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15
Q

What is DNA ?

A

Nucleus acid that contains genetic material

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16
Q

What is the non abbreviated name for RNA ?

A

Ribonucleic Acid

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17
Q

What is RNA ?

A

Nucleic Acid which can act as the genetic material and involved in protein synthesis

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18
Q

What is hexose sugar?

A

It contains six carbon atoms

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19
Q

What is isomers?

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula but have different molecular structure

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20
Q

What is a condensation reaction ?

A

Water is removed from the reacting molecules in order to make glycosidic bonds between them

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21
Q

What are reducing sugars ?

A

Sugars that react with Benedict’s solution and reduce copper (II) ions into copper (I) ions. Giving the solution orange precipitate?

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22
Q

Does non - reducing sugars react with Benedict’s solution?

A

No

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23
Q

True or false ? Is biological molecules organic molecules ?

A

True

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24
Q

What does organic compounds consist of ?

A

Hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and sometimes nitrogen sulfur and phosphorus

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25
Q

How many bonds can each carbon atoms make?

A

4 bonds so it can join up with four other atoms

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26
Q

Does carbon atoms bond strongly with other carbon atoms to make long chains?

A

Yes

27
Q

What shape does four bonds of carbon make?

A

Tetrahedral shape

28
Q

What does tetrahedral shape allow carbon to form ?

A

Formation of branches chains, rings or 3D shapes

29
Q

Does carbon combine to make macromolecules?

A

Yes

30
Q

Why is carbohydrate important in cells ?

A

They are energy source and store energy

31
Q

What is carbohydrate in fungi, plants and bacterial used for as well as energy storage?

A

For cell wall

32
Q

What are the best known carbohydrates?

A

Sugar and starch

33
Q

What atoms are carbohydrates made of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

34
Q

What are the main three groups of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide

35
Q

Is monosaccharide simple sugar?

A

Yes

36
Q

What is the general formula for carbohydrate?

A

(CH2O)n

37
Q

What are triose sugars needed for?

A

Mitochondria where glucose is broken down into triose sugars during respiration

38
Q

What is ribose needed for?

A

RNA

39
Q

What is deoxyribose needed for ?

A

DNA

40
Q

Give 3 sugars of hexose

A

Glucose, galactose and fructose

41
Q

What does molecular formula show you?

A

How many atoms there are in the molecule

42
Q

What does molecular formula not show you?

A

It doesn’t show how the atoms are arranged in a molecule

43
Q

Fill in the blank: glucose comes in different forms (_______)

A

Isomers

44
Q

What are the 2 isomers of glucose ?

A

Alpha glucose and beta glucose

45
Q

What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose ?

A

Alpha glucose has carbon 1 connected to H then Oh but beta glucose has carbon 1 connected to OH then H

46
Q

How is disaccharide sugar formed?

A

By joining two monosaccharide together

47
Q

What reaction takes place during the formation of disaccharide and polysaccharide sugars?

A

Condensation reaction

48
Q

What molecule is removed during condensation reaction?

A

Water

49
Q

What link is made between the two monosaccharide?

A

Glycosidic bond

50
Q

What is glycosidic bond

A

A covalent bond

51
Q

What does 1-4 glycosidic bond mean ?

A

It means that there’s glycosidic bond between carbon 1 and 4

52
Q

What is sucrose found ?

A

In plants such as sugar cane

53
Q

What is sucrose made from ?

A

Alpha glucose and fructose

54
Q

Where is lactose found ?

A

In milk

55
Q

What is lactose made from ?

A

Alpha glucose and beta galactose

56
Q

What is maltose found in?

A

Germinating seeds such as barley

57
Q

What is maltose made from ?

A

Alpha glucose and alpha glucose

58
Q

What is Benedict’s solution used to test ?

A

Test for reducing sugars

59
Q

What colour is Benedict’s solution and what does it contain?

A

It is a blue solution and contains copper (II) ions

60
Q

What happens to Benedict’s solution when it reacts with reducing sugars ?

A

Reduce the copper (II) ions to copper (I) ions forming a precipitate and giving colour change from blue to orange

61
Q

True or false. Monosaccharides and some disaccharides are reducing sugars

A

True

62
Q

What is the name for sugars that do not react with Benedict’s solution ?

A

Non- reducing sugars

63
Q

How do you produce glucose from non reducing sugar?

A

Heat non reducing sugar with few drops of hydrochloride acid to hydrolyse the glycosidic bonds and allow it to cool and then neutralise the solution with sodium carbonate

Unit 1 - Biological Molecules (4 decks)

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