Chapter 12 - The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

theriogenology

A

Used to describe animal reproduction or the study of producing beasts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

their/o

A

Combining form for beast.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gen/o

A

Combining form for producing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

-logy

A

Suffix meaning to study.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

genitals

A

The reproductive organs, either male or female.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

genitalia

A

The reproductive organs, either male or female. Include external and internal organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

genit/o

A

Refers to the organs of reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

scrotum

A

The external pouch that encloses and supports the testes.

  • Latin term for bag.
  • Encloses the testes outside the body so that the testes are at a temperature lower than body temperature.
  • Lower temp needed for sperm development.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

scrotal sac

A

The external pouch that encloses and supports the testes. Another word for scrotum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

scrot/o

A

scrotum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

perineum

A

The area between the anus and the scrotum in males, and the vaginal orifice in females.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

perine/o

A

Combining form for the area between the scrotum (or vaginal orifice in females) and the anus in males.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

testes

A

The male sex glands that produce spermatozoa. Plural.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

testis

A

The male sex glands that produce spermatozoa. Single gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

testicles

A

The male sex glands that produce spermatozoa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gonads

A

sex glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Combining forms for testes.

A
orch/o
orchi/o
orchid/o
test/o
testicul/o
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

seminiferous tubules

A
  • The coiled tubes that are in the testicles.

- Channels in the testes in which sperm are produced and through which the sperm leave the testes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

interstitial cells

A

The cells between the spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Leydig’s cells

A

The interstitial cells of the testes.

-have endocrine function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Specialized cells in the testes that support and nourish sperm growth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sperm

A

The male gametes, or sex cells.

-Spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Spermatozoa

A

The male gametes, or sex cells.

-Sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spermatozoon

A

One, single gamete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Combining forms for spermatozoa.

A

sperm/o

spermat/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

acrosome (part of sperm)

A

A structure at the top of the head of sperm. Contains enzymes that allow the spermatozoon to penetrate the ovum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

midpiece (part of sperm)

A

Contains mitochondria to provide energy to the sperm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Head (part of sperm)

A

Contains the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Tail (part of sperm)

A

A flagellum that provides movement for the spermatozoon to reach the ovum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Production of male gametes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

gamete

A

Sex cells.

  • sperm in males.
  • ovum in females.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

epididymis

what does it do

A

The tube at the upper part of each testis that:

  • secretes part of the semen.
  • stores semen before ejaculation
  • provides a passageway for sperm.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

epididymis

parts

A
  • Head (caput)
  • Body
  • Tail
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

epididymis

passageway

A
  • Runs down the length of the testicle.
  • Turns upward.
  • Becomes a narrower tube called the ductus deferens.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

epididymis

sperm

A
  • sperm are collected in the epididymis.

- this is where they become motile or capable of spontaneous motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

epididym/o

A

Combining form for epididymis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ductus deferens

A

A tube connected to the epididymis that carries sperm into the pelvic region toward the urethra.

  • encased by the spermatic cord.
  • the excretory duct of the testes.
  • in swine, has a glandular portion called the ampulla.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

spermatic cord

A

Encases the:

  • ductus deferens
  • nerves
  • blood and lymph vessels
  • cremaster muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

ampulla

A

An enlarged part of a tube or canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

seminal vesicles / vesicular glands

what/where

A

Two glands that open into the ductus deferens where it joins the urethra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

seminal vesicles / vesicular glands

function

A

Secrete a thick, yellow substance that nourishes sperm and adds volume to the ejaculated semen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

semen

A

The ejaculatory fluid that contains sperm and the secretions of the accessory sex glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

semin/i

A

Combining form for semen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

ejaculatory duct

A
  • Formed by the union of the ductus deferens and the duct from the seminal vesicles.
  • Passes through the prostate and enters the urethra.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

prostate gland

A
  • A single gland that surrounds or is near the urethra and may be well defined or diffuse depending on the species.
  • Secretes a thick fluid that aids in the motility of sperm.
46
Q

prostat/o

A

Combining form for prostate gland.

47
Q

bulbourethral glands

A
  • Two glands located on either side of the urethra.
  • Secrete a thick mucus that acts as a lubricant for sperm.
  • Called Cowper’s glands in humans.
48
Q

prostate gland

in which species

A
  • dog
  • cat
  • pig
  • ruminants
  • horse
49
Q

vesicular gland

in which species

A
  • pig

- ruminants

50
Q

seminal vesicles

in which species

A

-horse

51
Q

bulbourethral

in which species

A
  • cat
  • pig
  • ruminants
  • horse
52
Q

urethra

A
  • A tube passing through the penis to the outside of the body.
  • Serves both reproductive and urinary systems.
53
Q

urethr/o

A

Combing form for urethra.

54
Q

penis

A

Male sex organ that carries reproductive and urinary products out of the body.
-all species except cats have a cranioventrally directed penis.

55
Q

glans penis

A

The distal part of the penis on which the urethra opens.

56
Q

prepuce

A

The retractable fold of skin covering the glans penis.

-aka foreskin

57
Q

os penis

A

In dogs, a bone encased in the penile tissue.

58
Q

pen/i

A

Combing form for penis.

59
Q

priap/o

A

Combing form for penis.

60
Q

sigmoid flexure

A
  • An s-shpaed bend in the penis.
  • When present, erection is achieved by straightening.
  • Not present in all species. Ruminants and Swine DO have this.
61
Q

ovaries

A
  • A small pair of organs located in the caudal abdomen.
  • The female gonad.
  • Produces estrogen, progesterone, and eggs.
  • Contain many small sacks - graafian follicles.
62
Q

Ova

A
  • Eggs

- Develop in the ovaries and are expelled (ovulated) when the egg matures.

63
Q

graafian follicles

A
  • Each one contains an ovum

- Located in the ovaries.

64
Q

female gonad

combining forms

A

ovari/o

oophor/o

65
Q

egg

combining forms

A

oo/o
ov/i
ov/o

66
Q

oocyte

A

An egg cell.

67
Q

uterine tubes

A

Paired tubes that extend from the cranial portion of the uterus to the ovary.
-NOT attached to the ovary.

68
Q

uterine tubes

alternate names

A

oviducts

fallopian tubes

69
Q

salping/o

A
  • Combing form for uterine.

- Means tube.

70
Q

infundibulum

A

A funnel-shaped opening at the distal end of each uterine tube.

71
Q

fimbriae

A
  • Fringed extensions of the infundibulum.
  • Catch each ova when they leave the ovary.
  • NOT attached to the ovaries.
72
Q

fertilization

A
  • Egg and sperm union.

- Usually occurs in the uterine tube.

73
Q

uterus

A

-Thick walled, hollow organ with muscular walls and a mucous membrane lining that houses the developing embryo in pregnant females.

74
Q

uterus

combing forms

A

hyster/o
metr/o
metri/o
uter/o

75
Q

uterus

the three parts

A
  • Cornus
  • Corpus
  • Cervix
76
Q

cornus

A

Horn. The cranial end of the uterus has two horns that travel toward the oviducts.

  • cornu means horn.
  • some animals are bicornuate
77
Q

bicornuate

A

Having two large, well-defined uterine horns.

78
Q

corpus

A

Body. The middles portion os the uterus.

-corpu means body.

79
Q

cervix

A

Neck. The caudal portion of the uterus that extends into the vagina.
-cervic/o means neck.

80
Q

uterus

three major tissue types

A
  • Perimetrium
  • Myometrium
  • Endometrium
81
Q

perimetrium

A

Membranous outer layer of the uterus.

82
Q

peri-

A

Prefix for surrounding.

83
Q

myometrium

A

Muscular middle layer of the uterus.

84
Q

my/o

A

Combining form for muscle.

85
Q

endometrium

A

Inner layer of the uterus.

86
Q

endo-

A

Prefix meaning within.

87
Q

cervix

A

The caudal continuation of the uterus and marks the cranial extent of the vagina.

88
Q

cervix

main function

A

Prevent foreign substances from entering the uterus.

89
Q

cervix

open vs closed

A
  • Is usually closed tightly except during estrus when it relaxes to allow entry of sperm.
  • During pregnancy is closed with a mucous plug.
90
Q

cervic/o

A

Combining form of uterus.

-means neck or neck-like structure.

91
Q

sphincters

A

Ringlike smooth muscle.

92
Q

vagina

A

The muscular tube lined with mucosa that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body.

93
Q

vagina

functions

A
  • Accepts the penis during copulation.
  • Serves as a passage for semen into the body.
  • Serves as a passage for excretions and offspring out of the body.
94
Q

vagina

combining forms

A

colp/o

vagin/o

95
Q

hymen

A

A membranous fold of tissue that may partially or completely cover the external vaginal orifice.

96
Q

orifice

A

An entrance our outlet from a body cavity.

97
Q

vulva

A

The external opening to the urogenital tract.

  • Female external genitalia.
  • also pudendum
98
Q

pudendum

A

The external opening to the urogenital tract.

  • Female external genitalia.
  • also vulva
99
Q

vulva

consists of

A
  • vaginal orifice
  • vestibular glands
  • clitoris
  • hymen
  • urethral orifice
100
Q

vulva

combining forms

A

vulv/o

episi/o

101
Q

labia

A

Fleshy borders or edges of the vulva.

  • occasionally called the lips.
  • in animals, the vulva contains simple lips.
102
Q

vaginal orifice

A

The entrance from the vagina to the outside of the body.

103
Q

vestibular glands

A

Secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina.

  • found in bovine, feline, and occasionally ovine species.
  • also know as Bartholin’s glands in primates.
104
Q

clitoris

A

The sensitive erectile tissue of females located in the ventral portion of the vulva.
-is the analog of the glans penis of the male.

105
Q

urethral orifice

A

Found where the vagina and vulva join.

-sometimes associated with a vestigial hymen.

106
Q

mammary glands

A

Milk-producing glands in females.

-number varies with species.

107
Q

mammary glands

number for species

A

2 glands

  • mare
  • ewe
  • doe (goat)

4 glands
-cows

6 or more pair
-sows

4 or more pair
-bitches and queens

108
Q

mammary glands

in litter-bearing species

A
  • Glandular structures are usually paired.
  • Located on the ventral surface.
  • Each singular gland (mamma) is associated with one nipple
  • Also called mammae
109
Q

udder

A

The mammary gland of large animals.

  • located in the inguinal area.
  • has two or four functional teats.
110
Q

teat

A

The nipple area in large animals.

111
Q

quarters

A

The four mammae.