Chapter 12: The Lungs (Part 2)

Question 1

What is Kartagener Syndrome?

Answer 1

Defective cilia

Question 2

What is the genetic component of Kartagener syndrome?

Answer 2

autosomal recessive, mutated dynein

Question 3

What respiratory syndrome has poor mucociliary clearance?

Answer 3

Kartagener Syndrome

Question 4

What are the locations of poor mucociliary clearance in Kartagener syndrome?

Answer 4

Respiratory tract, sinuses, and eustachian tubes

Question 5

Poor mucoiliary clearance in _______ _______ can cause female sterility.

Answer 5

fallopian tubes

Question 6

Poor mucoiliary clearance in ____ ___ _______ can cause male sterility

Answer 6

flagella of sperm

Question 7

Kartagener syndrome can lead to what three respiratory diseases?

Answer 7

Bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and situs inversus

Question 8

What is a group of disorders that has decreased compliance of the lung?

Answer 8

Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease

Question 9

What are some of the clinical features seen on a lung in Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease?

Answer 9

“ground glass shadows
“honeycomb lung”
diffuse/bilateral & patchy fibrosis

Question 10

What are the two main causes of Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease?

Answer 10

1) Hypoxia/Dyspnea

2) Pulmonary HTN

Question 11

What is the prognosis for Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease?

Answer 11

Progressive, can lead to respiratory failure and if combined with pulmonary HTN can lead to cor pulmonale

Question 12

What are the major symptoms of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?

Answer 12

Insidious onset of dyspnea, cyanosis

Nonproductive cough, velcro-like crackles

Question 13

What is unique about the diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?

Answer 13

It is a diagnosis of exclusion

Question 14

What does the biopsy reveal in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?

Answer 14

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia

Question 15

What is the hypothesis behind idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 15

repeated alveolar endothelial activation; faulty repair causes excess fibrosis

Question 16

Who is at a greater risk for developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

Answer 16

Males, MC >60 years old

Question 17

What is the prognosis for idiopathic pulmonary Fibrosis?

Answer 17

poor, progressive, avg. survival is <3 years

Question 18

What type of Fibrosing Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease has a non-neoplastic lung reaction to the inhalation of particulates?

Answer 18

pneumoconioses

Question 19

Where is pneumoconioses most commonly contracted?

Answer 19

workplace exposure

Question 20

What are mineral dust pneumoconioses?

Answer 20

Coal, Silica, asbestos

Question 21

If coal dust is the cause of pneumoconiosis, what is the name of that disease?

Answer 21

Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

Question 22

True or False: Coal Worker’s Pneumonconiosis can develop into lung cancer as you age.

Answer 22

False; it has no increased impact on lung cancer

Question 23

If silica/quartz is the cause of pneumoconiosis, what is the name of that condition?

Answer 23

Silicosis

Question 24

True or False: Silicosis can increase your risk for lung cancer.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the most common worldwide pneumoconiosis condition?

Answer 25

Silicosis

Question 26

If asbestos is the cause of penumoconiosis, what is the name of that condition?

Answer 26

Abestosis

Question 27

Asbestosis increases the risk for:

Answer 27

mesothelioma

Question 28

True or False: Asbestosis causes an increase risk of lung cancer.

Answer 28

False

It causes cancer in the lung and around the lungs, but not actually cancer OF the lungs

Question 29

What is the most severe form of Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis?

Answer 29

Progressive Massive Fibrosis

Question 30

What is the least severe form of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis that is often asymptomatic with no inflammation or dysfunction?

Answer 30

Anthracosis

Question 31

Which type of Coal Worker’s Pneumonia presents with little to no dysfunction and is seen with coal macules/nodules?

Answer 31

Simple Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

Question 32

Which type of Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis has massive black scars, extensive fibrosis, decreased lung function?

Answer 32

Progressive Massive Fibrosis

or Complicated CWP

Question 33

Progressive massive fibrosis can lead to pulmonary HTN, which can cause?

Answer 33

Cor Pulmonale

Question 34

Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis most commonly impacts which part of the lung?

Answer 34

upper lobes (picture in slide 54)

Question 35

What unique feature on the lungs caused by Silicosis can increase the risk for tuberculosis infections?

Answer 35

nodular scarring

Question 36

What is the most common form of pneumoconiosis?

Answer 36

Silicosis

Question 37

What is the most common occupational disease, worldwide?

Answer 37

silicosis

Question 38

What does silicosis do to the lungs?

Answer 38

destroys alveoli

Question 39

Late stage Silicosis can lead to:

Answer 39

Cor pulmonale
PMF in late stages
or
lung cancer risk

Question 40

What is the most common disease caused by asbestos?

Answer 40

fibrotic pleural plaques

Question 41

Asbestos increases the risk of what disease by 1000x?

Answer 41

mesothelioma

Question 42

Asbestosis along with what habit causes a multplicative lung CA risk by 50x?

Answer 42

smoking

Question 43

Asbestosis begins in which part of the lung?

Answer 43

lower lungs/pleura

Question 44

Over time, asbestosis begins to worsen due to:

Answer 44

failed phagocytosis

Question 45

Failed phagocytosis in asbestosis causes the presence of what diagnostic feature?

Answer 45

ferruginous bodies (asbestos bodies)

Question 46

10 to 20 years after exposure to asbestos can lead to:

Answer 46

possible cough and dyspnea
possible cor pulmonale
risk for mesothelioma and lung CA