Chapter 12: The Lungs (Part 2) Flashcards
What is Kartagener Syndrome?
Defective cilia
What is the genetic component of Kartagener syndrome?
autosomal recessive, mutated dynein
What respiratory syndrome has poor mucociliary clearance?
Kartagener Syndrome
What are the locations of poor mucociliary clearance in Kartagener syndrome?
Respiratory tract, sinuses, and eustachian tubes
Poor mucoiliary clearance in _______ _______ can cause female sterility.
fallopian tubes
Poor mucoiliary clearance in ____ ___ _______ can cause male sterility
flagella of sperm
Kartagener syndrome can lead to what three respiratory diseases?
Bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis and situs inversus
What is a group of disorders that has decreased compliance of the lung?
Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease
What are some of the clinical features seen on a lung in Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease?
“ground glass shadows
“honeycomb lung”
diffuse/bilateral & patchy fibrosis
What are the two main causes of Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease?
1) Hypoxia/Dyspnea
2) Pulmonary HTN
What is the prognosis for Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease?
Progressive, can lead to respiratory failure and if combined with pulmonary HTN can lead to cor pulmonale
What are the major symptoms of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Insidious onset of dyspnea, cyanosis
Nonproductive cough, velcro-like crackles
What is unique about the diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
It is a diagnosis of exclusion
What does the biopsy reveal in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
What is the hypothesis behind idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
repeated alveolar endothelial activation; faulty repair causes excess fibrosis
Who is at a greater risk for developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Males, MC >60 years old
What is the prognosis for idiopathic pulmonary Fibrosis?
poor, progressive, avg. survival is <3 years
What type of Fibrosing Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease has a non-neoplastic lung reaction to the inhalation of particulates?
pneumoconioses
Where is pneumoconioses most commonly contracted?
workplace exposure
What are mineral dust pneumoconioses?
Coal, Silica, asbestos
If coal dust is the cause of pneumoconiosis, what is the name of that disease?
Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis
True or False: Coal Worker’s Pneumonconiosis can develop into lung cancer as you age.
False; it has no increased impact on lung cancer
If silica/quartz is the cause of pneumoconiosis, what is the name of that condition?
Silicosis
True or False: Silicosis can increase your risk for lung cancer.
True
What is the most common worldwide pneumoconiosis condition?
Silicosis
If asbestos is the cause of penumoconiosis, what is the name of that condition?
Abestosis
Asbestosis increases the risk for:
mesothelioma
True or False: Asbestosis causes an increase risk of lung cancer.
False
It causes cancer in the lung and around the lungs, but not actually cancer OF the lungs
What is the most severe form of Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis?
Progressive Massive Fibrosis
What is the least severe form of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis that is often asymptomatic with no inflammation or dysfunction?
Anthracosis
Which type of Coal Worker’s Pneumonia presents with little to no dysfunction and is seen with coal macules/nodules?
Simple Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis
Which type of Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis has massive black scars, extensive fibrosis, decreased lung function?
Progressive Massive Fibrosis
or Complicated CWP
Progressive massive fibrosis can lead to pulmonary HTN, which can cause?
Cor Pulmonale
Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis most commonly impacts which part of the lung?
upper lobes (picture in slide 54)
What unique feature on the lungs caused by Silicosis can increase the risk for tuberculosis infections?
nodular scarring
What is the most common form of pneumoconiosis?
Silicosis
What is the most common occupational disease, worldwide?
silicosis
What does silicosis do to the lungs?
destroys alveoli
Late stage Silicosis can lead to:
Cor pulmonale
PMF in late stages
or
lung cancer risk
What is the most common disease caused by asbestos?
fibrotic pleural plaques
Asbestos increases the risk of what disease by 1000x?
mesothelioma
Asbestosis along with what habit causes a multplicative lung CA risk by 50x?
smoking
Asbestosis begins in which part of the lung?
lower lungs/pleura
Over time, asbestosis begins to worsen due to:
failed phagocytosis
Failed phagocytosis in asbestosis causes the presence of what diagnostic feature?
ferruginous bodies (asbestos bodies)
10 to 20 years after exposure to asbestos can lead to:
possible cough and dyspnea
possible cor pulmonale
risk for mesothelioma and lung CA
