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Microbiology Chapters 10-12 > Chapter 12: The Eukaryotes, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Helminths > Flashcards

Chapter 12: The Eukaryotes, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Helminths Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The study of fungi

A

Mycology

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2
Q

-Molds and fleshy fungi
-The fungal thallus consists of hyphae; a mass of hyphae is a mycelium

A

Vegetative growth

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3
Q

Unicellular fungi

A

Yeasts

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4
Q

Filaments which make up the thallus

A

Hyphae

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5
Q

The body of a mold of fungus

A

Thallus

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6
Q

The vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae

A

Mycelium

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7
Q

Reproductive structure

A

Spores

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8
Q

-Sac fungi
-Aspergillus (opportunistic, systemic mycosis)

A

Ascomycota

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9
Q

(*A.D.A.M.) Aspergillosis is caused by a fungus (Aspergillus ). The fungus is commonly found growing on dead leaves, stored grain, compost piles, or in other decaying vegetation. It can also be found on marijuana leaves.

A

Aspergillosis

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10
Q

Symptoms:
Cough
Coughing up blood or brownish mucus plugs
Wheezing
Fever
General ill feeling (malaise)
Weight loss

A

Aspergillosis

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11
Q

-Coccidioides, Pneumocystis (systemic mycoses)
-Candida albicans (cutaneous mycoses)

A

Anamorphs

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12
Q

-Causative agent: Coccidioides immitis
-Reservoir: desert soils of American Southwest
-Symptoms: fever, coughing, weight loss
-Diagnosis: serological tests
-Treatment: amphotericin B

A

Coccidioidomycosis

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13
Q

-Causative agent: Pneumocystis jirovecii
-Reservoir: unknown; possibly humans or soil
-Symptoms: pneumonia
-Diagnosis: microscopy
-Treatment: trimethoprim

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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14
Q

*Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), is the most common opportunistic infection in persons with HIV infection.

A

Pnemocystis pneumonia

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15
Q

-May cause yeast infections of the skin, mouth, vagina, GI tract
-Diabetics and patients with HIV/AIDS at significant risk

A

Candida albicans

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16
Q

Club fungi
Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Basidiomycota

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17
Q

(*CDC)Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that lives in the environment
-People can become infected with C. neoformans after breathing in the microscopic fungus
-Most cases occur in people who have weakened immune systems, particularly those who have advanced HIV/AIDS.
-Signs & Symptoms: Abnormal breath sounds, fast heart rate, fever, mental status changes, stiff neck

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

18
Q

The name of a group of diseases caused by a fungus
-include ringworm, athlete’s foot and jock itch

A

Tinea

19
Q

deep within body

A

Systemic mycoses

20
Q

beneath the skin

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

21
Q

affect hair, skin and nails

A

Cutaneous mycoses

22
Q

localized, e.g., hair shafts

A

Superficial mycoses

23
Q

caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi

A

Opportunistic mycoses

24
Q

-Mutualistic combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) and fungus
-Alga produces and secretes carbohydrates; fungus provides holdfast

A

Lichens

25
Q

Brown algae (kelp)

A

Phaephyta

26
Q

Red Algae
Harvested for agar

A

Rhodphyta

27
Q

Green algae
Gave rise to plants

A

Chlorophyta

28
Q

-silica cell walls
*Plankton
*Diatomaceous earth used as filtering agent
*Silica used as polishing compound

A

Diatoms

29
Q

Neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning
*Redtide

A

Dinoflagellates

30
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Diplomonads

31
Q

A microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. Is found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals.

A

Giardia

32
Q

A microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. Is found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals.

A

Giardia

33
Q

-Protected by an outer shell that allows it to survive outside the body for long periods of time and makes it tolerant to chlorine disinfection.
-Water (drinking water and recreational water) is the most common mode of transmission.

A

Giardia

34
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Parabasalids

35
Q

-A very common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by infection with a protozoan parasite called _____ _____. 70% have no S&S
-Men may feel itching or irritation inside the penis, burning after urination or ejaculation, or some discharge from the penis.
-Women may notice itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals, discomfort with urination, or a thin discharge with an unusual smell that can be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish.

A

Trichomoniasis
Trichomonas vaginalis

36
Q

Trypanosoma spp.
Sleeping sickness
Chagas’ disease

A

Euglenozoa

37
Q

Move by pseudopods
Entamoeba

A

Amebae

38
Q

-Entamoeba histolytica invades the colon wall, causing colitis, acute dysentery, or long-term (chronic) diarrhea.
-The infection can also spread through the blood to the liver.In rare cases, it can spreadto the lungs, brain, or other organs.

A

Amebiasis

39
Q

-Caused by Toxoplasma gondii
-If a pregnant woman accidentally ingests oocysts (contacted when changing a cat litter box), prenatal infection of the fetus may occur.
*Can cause schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

A

Toxoplasmosis

40
Q

-Pin worms
-Although pinworm infection can affect all people, it most commonly occurs among children, institutionalized persons, and household members of persons with pinworm infection.
-Pinworm infection is treatable with over-the-counter or prescription medication, but reinfection, which occurs easily, should be prevented.

A

Enterobius vermicularis

41
Q

-A disease that people can get by eating raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with the microscopic parasite.
-Signs and Symptoms:
Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Muscle pain, fever, swelling of the face, particularly the eyes,weakness or fatigue

A

Trichinella spiralis

42
Q

-May transmit diseases (vectors)
-Kingdom: Animalia
-Phylum: Arthropoda (exoskeleton, jointed legs)

A

Anthropods as Vectors

Microbiology Chapters 10-12 (3 decks)

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