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Microbiology Chapters 10-12 > Chapter 11: Prokaryotes Bacteria > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Prokaryotes Bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

gram NEGATIVE
-Human pathogens
-Bartonella
-B. henselae: cat-scratch disease

A

Alphaproteobacteria

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2
Q

Bartonella Henselae

A

gram negative bacillus

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3
Q

Obligate intracellular parasites

A

Alphaproteobacteria

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4
Q

-Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers

-R. rickettsii: Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia (alphaproteobacteria)

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5
Q

-R. rickettsii
-Gram-negative rods

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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6
Q

-Spread by wood ticks in the west and dog ticks in the east
-Signs & symptoms: rash, fever, & headache
-Death may result due to kidney & heart failure
-Treatment: antibiotics

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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7
Q

-Gram negative coccus
-STD
-Causes gonorrhea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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8
Q

Symptoms
-Men: painful urination and discharge of pus
-Women: few symptoms but possible complications, such as PID
-Diagnosis: Gram stain, ELISA, PCR
-Treatment: cephalosporins

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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9
Q

-Bordetella pertussis
-Gram-negative coccobacillus

A

Whooping cough

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10
Q

-Capsule
-Tracheal cytotoxin of cell wall damages ciliated cells
-Pertussis toxin
-Prevented by DTaP vaccine (acellular Pertussis cell fragments)

A

Whooping cough

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11
Q

-Pseudomonas
-Opportunistic pathogens
-Gram negative rods
-flagella

A

Psuedomonadales (gammaproteobacteria)

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12
Q

-gram NEGATIVE
-P. aeruginosa causes infections of urinary tract, burns, wounds, blood infections, abscesses, and meningitis

A

Psuedomonadales (gammaproteobacteria)

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13
Q

-Vibrio cholerae causes cholera
-Gram negative comma-shaped bacterium

A

Vibrionales (gammaproteobacteria)

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14
Q

-gram NEGATIVE
-Vibrio cholerae produces cholera toxin
-Toxin causes host cells to secrete Cl−, HCO−, and water

A

Cholera

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15
Q

-Enterobacteriales
-Escherichia
-Salmonella

A

Gammoproteobacteria

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16
Q

-Gram-negative rods
-Hemorrhagic diarrhea
-Kidney failure

A

Escherichia Coli

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17
Q

-Gram-negative rods
-Salmonellosis
-Caused by contaminated food or drink
-Signs and Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

A

Salmonella

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18
Q

*H. influenzae
-Gram negative coccobacillary bacteria

A

Haemophilus (gammaproteobacteria)

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19
Q

-gram-negative bacteria
-Tularemia – *named after Tulare County, CA
-Can infect humans and rabbits
-Vectors are ticks and deerflies
*Signs and symptoms: fever, fatigue, headache, swollen lymph nodes

A

Francisella (gammaproteobacteria)

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20
Q

Gram-negative curved rods with multiple flagella

A

Helicobacter pylori

21
Q

*Erosions in and through the mucosa of the stomach and/or duodenum
*Epigastic pain at night relieved by eating
*May result in life-threatening hemorrhage

A

Peptic ulcers (helicobacter pylori)

22
Q

gram POSITIVE
-Endospore-producing
-Obligate anaerobes
-C. dificile – severe diarrhea post antibiotic use
-C. tetani – tetanus
-C. botulinum - botulism

A

Clostridum

23
Q

-Caused by Clostridium tetani
-Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe

A

Tetanus

24
Q

gram POSITIVE
-Tetanospasmin released from dead cells blocks relaxation -pathway in muscles
-Prevention by vaccination with tetanus toxoid (DTaP) and booster (Td)
-Treatment with tetanus immune globulin (TIG)

A

Tetanus

25
Q

-Caused by Clostridium botulinum
-Gram-positive, endospore-forming, obligate anaerobe

A

Botulism

26
Q

-Intoxication comes from ingesting botulinal toxin
-Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter, causing flaccid paralysis

-Prevention
Proper canning
Nitrites prevent endospore germination in sausages

A

Botulism

27
Q

-Treatment: supportive care and antitoxin
-Infant botulism results from C. botulinum growing in intestines
-Wound botulism results from growth of 
C. botulinum in wounds

A

Botulism

28
Q

gram POSITIVE
-Bacillus
-Endospore-producing rods
-Bacillus anthracis – causes anthrax a disease of cattle, sheep, and horses that can be transmitted to humans

A

Bacillales

29
Q

-Gram-positive cocci
-Grape-like clusters

A

Staphylococcus aureus

30
Q

gram POSITIVE
-Produces many toxins
-Toxic shock syndrome – high fever, vomiting, death
-Enterotoxin causes vomiting and diarrhea associated with food poisoning
-Infections of surgical wounds by S. aureus common in hospitals

A

Staphylococcus aureus

31
Q

-Generally aerotolerant anaerobes; lack an 
electron transport chain
-Streptococcus (gram positive)

A

Lactobacillales

32
Q

-Gram-positive chains of cocci
-Grown on blood agar
-Produce hemolysin that forms a clear zone of hemolysis on blood agar

A

Beta-hemolytic streptococci

33
Q

-Diseases
Pharyngitis
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
Impetigo
Scarlet fever

A

Beta-hemolytic group A

34
Q

Its cell wall has characteristics of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

35
Q

-Acid-fast rod; transmitted human-to-human
-M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis
-Co-infection with HIV
-Diagnosis: Tuberculin skin test
-Treatment: prolonged treatment with multiple antibiotics
-Vaccines: BCG vaccine, live culture of avirulent M. bovis; not widely used in United States

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

36
Q

-Signs and symptoms of active TB include:
-Coughing that lasts three or more weeks
-Coughing up blood
-Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing
-Unintentional weight loss
-Fatigue
-Fever
-Night sweats
-Chills
-Loss of appetite

A

Tuberculosis

37
Q

-Corynebacterium diphtheriae: gram-positive rod
-Diphtheria toxin produced by lysogenized 
C. diphtheriae

A

Corynebacterium

38
Q

-Prevented by DTaP vaccine
-Diphtheria toxoid
-Cutaneous diphtheria
-Infected skin wound leads to slow-healing ulcer

A

Corynebacterium

39
Q

-Chlamydia trachomatis
-Gram-negative coccoid bacteria
-Trachoma
-Most common STI, urethritis
*Signs and symptoms similar to gonorrhea

A

Chlamydias

40
Q

-Syphilis
-Caused by Treponema pallidum
*considered gram-negative but hard to stain

A

Spirochaetes

41
Q

chancre at site of infection

A

Primary stage (Spirochaetes)

42
Q

skin and mucosal rashes

A

Secondary stage (Spirochaetes)

43
Q

no symptoms

A

Latent period (Spirochaetes)

44
Q

gummas on many organs

A

Tertiary stage (Spirochaetes)

45
Q

benzathine penicillin

A

Treatment (Spirochaetes)

46
Q

neurological damage

A

Congenital (Spirochaetes)

47
Q

Direct diagnosis
-Staining with fluorescent-labeled monoclonal antibodies

Indirect, rapid screening
-VDRL – *Veneral Disease Research Laboratory Test
*Antibody produced by a patient with syphilis reacts with an
extract of ox heart

-RPR - Rapid Plasma Reagin; similar to VDRL
-EIA -Enzyme ImmunoAssay (ELISA)

Confirming
-FTA-ABS tests for anti-treponemal antibodies

A

Spirochaetes

48
Q

-gram NEGATIVE
-Lyme Disease
-Causative agent: Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Spirochaetes

49
Q

-Reservoir: deer
-Vector: ticks
-First symptom: bull’s-eye rash
-Second phase: irregular heartbeat, encephalitis
-Third phase: arthritis
-Treatment: Doxycycline

A

Spirochaetes

Microbiology Chapters 10-12 (3 decks)

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