Chapter 12 Test (Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems) Flashcards
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system? (4)
- transport blood through body/cells
- carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
- removes carbon dioxide and waste from body/cells
- fights disease
What 3 things does the cardiovascular system consist of?
- heart
- blood
- blood vessels
How many heartbeats do we approximately have in our lifetime?
2.5 billion beats
What does the 1st loop of the blood vessels in the cardiovascular system do?
It leads from the heart to lungs where blood releases carbon dioxide, it picks up oxygen and returns to the heart.
What does the 2nd loop of the blood vessels in the cardiovascular system do?
Goes to the rest of the body delivering oxygen and nutrients and picks up waste.
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
- atrium
- ventricles
- septum
- valves
Smaller chambers on top - receives the blood entering the heart
Atrium
Electrical impulses generated in the atrium moving blood to the ventricles
Pacemaker
Larger chambers on the bottom - pump blood to the body
Ventricles
Wall of tissue that separates the atria and ventricles.
Septum
Between the atria and ventricles - controls blood flow (one way)
Valves
How is heartbeat sound produced?
The opening and closing of the valves
What does blood do? (2)
- Delivers oxygen, hormones, and nutrients, to cells.
- carries away waste
Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
Form in the marrow of the bone
Oxygen carrying protein in blood cells
Hemoglobin
Produced in yellow marrow of bone
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
What is the main role of white blood cells?
Protect body against infections
What are the 3 types of blood vessels?
- arteries
- capillaries
- veins
Blood vessels that take blood away from the heart (contain oxygen)
Arteries
What are the 4 types of arteries?
- aortic: main artery (heart)
- femoral: leg artery
- brachial: artery in arms
- carotid: artery of neck/head
Smallest vessels that connect arteries to veins/ surrounding tissues (contains oxygen)
Capillaries
Blood vessels that return blood to the heart (purple color, no oxygen)
Veins
Which is the only blood vessel that doesnt contain oxygen?
Veins
Force with which the blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels
Blood Pressure
What is the normal range of blood pressure?
90/60 to 119/79
How much blood does an adult typically have in their body?
4-6 quarts
What are the 4 components of blood?
- plasma
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
What determines your blood type?
The different proteins present and the sense or absence of the RH factor protein
What percentage of people have RH positive blood?**
85%
The drawing of blood in cases of injury, surgery, or illness
Transfusions
What is the universal donor type of blood?***
O negative blood
What is the most common blood type?
O positive
What is the rarest blood type?
AB negative
The “silent killer”**
Hypertension** (high blood pressure) asymptomatic
What does asymptomatic mean?
There are no signs or symptoms of the illness
Transports cholesterol to body tissues for storage bad
Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
Picks up excess cholesterol from body tissues and carry to liver good
High density lipoprotein (HDL)
Hardening and thickening of the arteries due to plaque build up
Coronary heart disease/astheroclerosis
A blockage of the blood flow to the heart muscles
Heart attack
Damage to the brain from blockage/rupture of its blood supply to the brain
Stroke
What are causes of cardiovascular diseases? (4)
- smoking
- little exercise
- too much saturated fat/diet
- alcohol
Things to prevent cardiovascular diseases (3)
- exercise
- avoid smoking
- low fat/plant based diet
What are the functions of the respiratory system? (2)
- brings oxygen to the body
- removes carbon dioxide from the body
What is the pathway to air? (6) (IN ORDER)**
- Nose
- Pharynx
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Lungs
- Exits as carbon dioxide
Gas exchange process
At the end of small tubes in lungs - tiny sacs called alveoli where gases are exchanged (*oxygen/carbon dioxide)
Breathing process: 2 steps
- Inhalation: air flows in through diaphragm (dome shaped muscle)
- Exhalation: air goes out through diaphragm
How to keep respiratory system healthy?
- avoid smoking
- avoid air pollution
- exercise
- healthy body weight
What are common respiratory system problems? (3)
- asthma
- bronchitis
- pneumonia
Respiratory disorder where your airways become inflamed creating excess mucus
Asthma
Inflation of the mucus membranes lining the bronchi
Bronchitis
Lung inflammation caused by a bacterial or vital infection, in which air sacs fill with pus and may become solid
Pneumonia
