Chapter 12 Study tips exception Flashcards
Chromium
(AR) 3d^5 4s^1
Copper
[Ar] 3d^10 4s^1
Niobium
[Kr] 4d^4 5s^1
Molybdenum
[Kr] 4d^5 5s^1
Ruthenium
[Kr] 4d^7 5s^1
Rhodium
[Kr] 4d^8 5s^1
Palladium
[Kr] 4d^10 5s^0
Silver
[Kr] 4d^10 5s^1
Lanthanum
[Xe] 5d^1 6s^2
Cerium
[Xe] 4f^1 5d^1 6s^2
Gadolinium
[Xe] 4f^7 5d^1 6s^2
Platinum
[Xe] 4f^14 5d^9 6s^1
Gold
[Xe] 4f^14 5d^10 6s^1
Order of Ortbital
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 5f, 6d,
Hunds rule
States that all lone pair electrons must fill up orbital first before pairing
- All electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin
- Principle that based on electrons attempting be as far apart as possible
Heisenberg Principle
The more you try to find the position of a proton the less you find momentum
Inverse is true
Remeber the exceptions when it comes electron configuaration with elements on group 2 and group 15 having higher ionization energy
The reaosn is because the stability of the 2 electron pairs for group 2
Group 6 having the same electron spin go up means more stability or electronegativity and has increased Ionization Energy locally.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
States that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins cannot occupy the same quantum state within a system
Aufbau principle
One places electrons into orbitals one by one from lowest energy to high energy
Exceptions to Aufbau principle is Chromium and copper in teh 4th row.
Used to describe the locations and energy levels of every electron in a given atom
Gives order of electron filling in an atom
Aufbau rule
- Principle gives the order of electron filling in an atom
It can be used to describe the locations and energy levels of every electron in a given atom
One places electrons into orbitals one by one from low energy to high energy.”
Least likely to form multiple bonds.
It is determined by the number of valence electrons avaible
Tip on the test when it comes to forming basic oxide or acidic oxide
elements with lower electronegativity can form basic oxide,
While those with higher electronegativity can form acidic oxide
relasonship between reducing agent and
The lower the electronegativity, the better the reducing agent
