Chapter 12 Study tips exception

Question 1

Chromium

Answer 1

(AR) 3d^5 4s^1

Question 2

Copper

Answer 2

[Ar] 3d^10 4s^1

Question 3

Niobium

Answer 3

[Kr] 4d^4 5s^1

Question 4

Molybdenum

Answer 4

[Kr] 4d^5 5s^1

Question 5

Ruthenium

Answer 5

[Kr] 4d^7 5s^1

Question 6

Rhodium

Answer 6

[Kr] 4d^8 5s^1

Question 7

Palladium

Answer 7

[Kr] 4d^10 5s^0

Question 8

Silver

Answer 8

[Kr] 4d^10 5s^1

Question 9

Lanthanum

Answer 9

[Xe] 5d^1 6s^2

Question 10

Cerium

Answer 10

[Xe] 4f^1 5d^1 6s^2

Question 11

Gadolinium

Answer 11

[Xe] 4f^7 5d^1 6s^2

Question 12

Platinum

Answer 12

[Xe] 4f^14 5d^9 6s^1

Question 13

Gold

Answer 13

[Xe] 4f^14 5d^10 6s^1

Question 14

Order of Ortbital

Answer 14

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 5f, 6d,

Question 15

Hunds rule

Answer 15

States that all lone pair electrons must fill up orbital first before pairing
- All electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin
- Principle that based on electrons attempting be as far apart as possible

Question 16

Heisenberg Principle

Answer 16

The more you try to find the position of a proton the less you find momentum
Inverse is true

Question 17

Remeber the exceptions when it comes electron configuaration with elements on group 2 and group 15 having higher ionization energy

Answer 17

The reaosn is because the stability of the 2 electron pairs for group 2
Group 6 having the same electron spin go up means more stability or electronegativity and has increased Ionization Energy locally.

Question 18

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 18

States that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins cannot occupy the same quantum state within a system

Question 19

Aufbau principle

Answer 19

One places electrons into orbitals one by one from lowest energy to high energy
Exceptions to Aufbau principle is Chromium and copper in teh 4th row.
Used to describe the locations and energy levels of every electron in a given atom
Gives order of electron filling in an atom

Question 20

Aufbau rule

Answer 20

• Principle gives the order of electron filling in an atom
  It can be used to describe the locations and energy levels of every electron in a given atom
  One places electrons into orbitals one by one from low energy to high energy.”

Question 21

Least likely to form multiple bonds.

Answer 21

It is determined by the number of valence electrons avaible

Question 22

Tip on the test when it comes to forming basic oxide or acidic oxide

Answer 22

elements with lower electronegativity can form basic oxide,

While those with higher electronegativity can form acidic oxide

Question 23

relasonship between reducing agent and

Answer 23

The lower the electronegativity, the better the reducing agent