Chapter 12 Science Flashcards
lethal mutation
causes death, often before birth
inversion
chromosome breaks and piece reattaches backwards
autosome
chromosome not involved in sex determination
sex chromosome
chromosome that determines sex
Huntington’s disease
autosomal dominant trait
chronic-villa sampling
sample is taken from between the uterus & the placenta
amniocentesis
sample is taken from fluid-filled sack
substitution
one nucleotide replaces another
genetic disorder
disease caused by a mutation
deletion
loss of a piece of chromosome
genetic counseling
offers information about genetic makeup
complex characters
influenced by both genetics & the environment
chromosome map
diagram that shows the location of genes
germ-cell mutation
occurs in a gamete
cell-unit
frequency of crossing-over
somatic-cell mutation
occurs in body cells
gene therapy
places healthy copy of gene into a person whose gene is defective
insertion
nucleotides are added to DNA
linked genes
genes that are inherited together
frameshift mutation
all amino acids downstream are changed