Chapter 12 Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the primary function of the respiratory system? What are four other functions of the respiratory system.
Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
Other functions are respiration, filtration, sense of smell, to warm/humidify air, and produces sound by passing air by the vocal chords
Why is it better to breathe in through your nose as compared to your mouth?
Nose breathing filters the air that we take in, warms the air to the proper temperature, and humidifies it. Nose breathing acts as a line of defense for the raspatory system
Explain the five processes that result in gas exchange between the atmosphere and your internal body cells.
Ventilation- Breathing. Air coming in and out of the lungs.
External Respiration- Gas exchange. Air and blood in the lungs.
Gas Transport- To body cells Internal Respiration- Exchange of gasses between blood/tissue cells
Cellular Respiration- Using oxygen and producing carbon dioxide as a waste product.
Be able to describe the series of spaces/tubes air travels through from your nose to your circulatory system.
Trunk- trachea: allow passage of air in and out of the lung
Branch- bronchus: carrys air, moisturizes and filters the air
Little branch- bronchiole: deliver air to a diffuse network to the alveoli
Leaf- alveolus: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Which pulmonary (lung) structure is the site of gas exchange with the capillaries?
Alveoli
After carbon dioxide is carried to the lungs, how many cell layers does it pass through be-fore exiting the body?
Only 2 layers of cells! 1(blood cell capillary) + 1 (alveoli) = 2
Why do people with the respiratory condition emphysema have trouble providing their body with enough oxygen?
The walls of the alveoli are damaged. This causes small airways to collapse in the lungs when you breathe out, making breathing in and out much more difficult.
Why does oxygen move from the alveolar space into capillaries? Why does carbon dioxide move out of capillaries and into the alveolar space?
Oxygen will move from high to low as will COs. Exchange due to simple diffusion.
In what two ways is oxygen transported in the blood?
By dissolving in blood (only 2% of body O2 transported this way)
By binding to hemoglobin. (98% transported this way)
In what three ways is carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
Dissolving in the blood (5% carried this way)
Binding to hemoglobin(10% carried this way)
Carried as a bicarbonate ion (85% carried this way)
When holding your breath, is it a lack of oxygen, or a buildup of carbon dioxide that makes your body feel the need to take a breath first? Why?
It is actually the buildup of carbon dioxide that initially makes you need to breath again. Your blood starts getting more acidic, your body notices and makes you breathe
When does oxygen bind most efficiently to hemoglobin? What conditions in the body lead to increased oxygen release by hemoglobin? (hint: the opposite of the first part of question)
When oxygen levels are high, cooler temperatures, and a higher pH. Increased oxygen re-lease by the hemoglobin is when conditions are opposite to this, as the binding weakens.
How does the number of gas particle collision (per unit time) affect gas pressure? How does the force of gas particle collisions affect gas pressure?
Pressure is caused by the number and force of collisions between molecules.
-The more particles, more collisions, the higher the pressure
-Higher the forces of the collision, higher the pressure.
How does container size affect gas pressure? How does temperature affect gas pressure?
If you have an equal number of particles in varying sized containers, the smallest con-tainer would have the higher pressure because the particles would collide more often in a smaller container
-Hot box will have higher pressure because the molecules move faster when its warmer, increased force of collisions
Explain how air is inhaled during ventilation? In this explanation, be sure to use the terms: intercostal muscles, diaphragm, higher atmospheric pressure, lower thoracic cavity pres-sure, size of thoracic cavity (bigger/smaller).
Inhaling-
When you breath in your diaphragm contracts and flattens. This increases the space in your chest cavity. Your intercostal muscles contract moving your rib cage up. This causes a de-crease in pressure in your chest cavity (less than atmospheric). And, because air moves from high to low, air enters your lungs.
