Chapter 12 - Regulatory Framework Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main piece of legislation relevant to financial reporting?

A

Companies act 2006

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2
Q

What does companies act 2006 require?

A

companies to prepare the following documents annually for both shareholders and for companies house

  • financial statements comprising a balance sheet and p&l
  • additional information in the notes to the account known as disclosures
  • required to prepare annual accounts which show a true and fair value view of the state of their affairs for the period
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3
Q

What does UK GAPP stand for and what standards does it consist of?

A

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

  • FRS 100
  • FRS 102
  • FRS 105
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4
Q

What is the purpose of FRS 100?

A

Sets out the overall reporting framework

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5
Q

What is the purpose of FRS 102?

A
  • main source of accounting rules for most companies
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6
Q

What is the purpose of FRS 105?

A

Sets out specific accounting rules for micro entities

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7
Q

What are the size thresholds for a micro entity?

A

Entity must meet 2/3 of the following requirements:

  • turnover < £632,000
  • total assets < £316,000
  • avg no. Of employees < 10
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8
Q

What is the objective of financial statements?

A
  • to provide information about the financial position and performance of an entity that is useful for economic decision making purposes to a wide range of users
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9
Q

In order to meet objectives the info included in the accounts has to have certain qualities or qualitative characteristics, what are these?

A
  • Understandability
  • Relevance
  • Materiality
  • Reliability
  • Substance over Form
  • Prudence
  • Completeness
  • Timeliness
  • Balance between benefit and cost
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10
Q

What is meant by relevance?

A
  • should contain information that is relevant for decision making
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11
Q

What is meant by reliability?

A
  • should contain information that is free from material error and bias and is faithfully represented
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12
Q

What is meant by understandability?

A
  • should be presented in a way that someone with reasonable knowledge of accounts can understand the financial position of the entity and how well it has performed
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13
Q

What is meant by completeness?

A
  • should contain no emissions to ensure that information is reliable and relevant
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14
Q

What is meant by balance between benefit and cost

A
  • benefit derived from the information should exceed the cost of providing it
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15
Q

What is meant by comparability?

A
  • from the figures presented, a user should be able to assess trends and compare different entities in relation to one another
  • accounts should be prepared in a consistent way year on year
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16
Q

What is meant by materiality?

A
  • should contain information that is material and therefore relevant. If an item is omitted or misstated it could be a determining factor in influencing the economic decisions made by users
17
Q

What is meant by prudence?

A
  • transactions and events where there is a degree of uncertainty should be recorded using a degree of caution to ensure that income is not overstated or expenses understated
18
Q

What is meant by substance over form?

A
  • transactions and events should be accounted for in accordance with their overall effect and not necessarily their legal form
19
Q

What is meant by timeliness?

A
  • information should be provided to users with no delay and whilst it can still be used to aid their decision making
20
Q

What is the definition of income?

A
  • transactions and events that increase equity other than capital contributions from owners
21
Q

What is the formation of a liability?

A
  • a present obligation arising from past events which is expected to result in an outflow of economic be fits from the entity
22
Q

What is the definition of equity?

A
  • residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting the liabilities
23
Q

What is the definition of an asset?

A
  • a resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity
24
Q

What is the definition of expenses?

A
  • costs and losses of the business, other than distributions to the owners
25
Q

What is a provision?

A
  • liability of uncertain timing and amount
26
Q

When should a provision be recognised on the balance sheet ?

A
  • when there is an obligation at the reporting date as a result of a past event and when it is probable that a transfer of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and when the amount of the obligation can be measured reliably
27
Q

What makes a contingent liability different to a provision?

A
  • contingent liability does not meet all of the criteria of a provision

I.e amount cannot be measured reliably

  • contingent liability not recognised on the b/s instead disclosed as a note to the accounts
28
Q

What is a contingent asset and how is it recognised?

A
  • if the inflow is probable but not virtually certain this is a contingent asset
  • disclosed to users in a note to the accounts