chapter 12 RAT

Question 1

Which are older: the atoms in the body of an elderly person or those in the body of a baby?
A. The atoms in a baby because this is surely a trick question.
B. The atoms in an elderly person because they have been around much longer.
C. They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system.
D. It depends on the individuals’ diets.

Answer 1

C. They are of the same age, which is appreciably older than the solar system.

Question 2

You could swallow a capsule of germanium, Ge (atomic number 32), without significant ill effects. If a proton were added to each germanium nucleus, however, you would not want to swallow the capsule, because the germanium would
A. become arsenic.
B. become radioactive.
C. expand and probably lodge in your throat.
D. undergo a change in flavor.

Answer 2

A. become arsenic

Question 3

Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?
A. Scientists have yet to make the precise
B. That would be too much of a coincidence.
C. The atomic masses are average atomic masses.
D. Today’s instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.

Answer 3

C. The atomic masses are average atomic masses.

Question 4

If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic mass? What is the name of this element?
A. Atomic mass, 137 amu; barium
B. Atomic mass, 99 amu; technetium
C. Atomic mass, 99 amu; radon
D. Atomic mass 142 amu; einsteinium

Answer 4

B. Atomic mass, 99 amu; technetium

Question 5

An element found in another galaxy exists as two isotopes. If 80.0% of the atoms have an atomic mass of 80.00 atomic mass units, and the other 20.0% have an atomic mass of 82.00 atomic mass units, what is the approximate atomic mass of the element?
A. 80.4 amu
B. 81.0 amu
C. 81.6 amu
D. 64.0 amu
E. 16.4 amu

Answer 5

A. 80.4 amu

Question 6

Would you use a physical model or a conceptual model to describe the following, respectively: the brain; the mind; the solar system; the beginning of the universe?
A. Conceptual; physical; conceptual; physical
B. Conceptual; conceptual; conceptual; conceptual
C. Physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual
D. Physical; physical; physical; physical

Answer 6

C. Physical; conceptual; physical; conceptual

Question 7

How does the wave model of electrons orbiting the nucleus account for the fact that the electrons can have only discrete energy values?
A. Electrons are able to vibrate only at particular frequencies.
B. When an electron wave is confined, it is reinforced only at particular frequencies.
C. The energy values of an electron occur only where its wave properties have a maximum amplitude.
D. The wave model accounts for the shells that an electron may occupy, not its energy levels.

Answer 7

B. When an electron wave is confined, it is reinforced only at particular frequencies.

Question 8

How many electrons are there in the third shell of sodium, Na (atomic number 11)?
A. None
B. One
C. Two
D. Three

Answer 8

B. One