Chapter 12 Paychological Disorders Flashcards
Specific phobias
Specific phobias are specific worries or fears associated with a particular stimulus or situation
What is an example of specific phobias
A person with a phobia of snakes will experience anxiety if they are near or in contact with a snake; or even thinking about snakes. This person will adjust their way of life to avoid seeing snakes, so they will avoid anything nature related or reptile related.
Social anxiety disorder and Examples
When someone has a tremendous amount of fear or anxiety associated with being in social situations.
Examples include: fear of public speaking, speaking in class, eating in front of people.
Generalized anxiety disorder and symptoms
When someone experiences anxiety without having to have contact with a specific object or situation.
Symptoms include: tension, uneasiness, shakiness, sweaty palms
Panic disorder and symptoms
They are episodes of intense anxiety.
Symptoms include: feeling of terror, chest pain, choking, and shortness of breath
How long do panic attacks last?
They last several minutes to half an hour, although the peak time is between the first ten minutes.
Obsessive compulsive disorder
OCD is when someone repeatedly performs certain behaviors
An example of OCD
An example would include cleaning rituals where someone may wash their hands constantly, shower repeatedly, or scrub for hours.
Obsessions
Are persistent and repetitive thoughts a person can’t avoid and cause anxiety to the individual.
Compulsions
Behaviors that a person may perform to reduce anxiety caused by their obsessive thoughts.
Checking compulsion examples
Includes: constantly checking locks, appliances, or fear of hitting a car
Contamination compulsions
Include: continual hand and body washing, disinfection and sterilization, avoiding doorknobs, and cleaning children
Prepared fears
Biologically prepared to have these fears like fear of bugs, animals, heights, or in closed spaces
Major depressive disorder
When a person experiences a prolonged period of depressed mood and loss of interest in daily activities
Bipolar disorder
When a person alternates between depression and mania. Mania is an excited states of a generally positive mind
How long does major depressive disorder last and what are some symptoms?
It can last between 2 weeks through 6 months.
Symptoms include: prolonged depressed mood, hopelessness, despair, low self esteem, feeling guilty, inability to experience pleasure
Characteristics of a Manic episode
It is characterized by feelings of euphoria, elated mood, hyperactivity, an inability to sleep, talkativeness,
What are positive aspects of a manic episode?
Some aspects include more outgoing, more socially at ease, creative, alert, productive, greater sexual intensity
Depression is linked with lower than normal concentrations of what two neurotransmitters?
Norepinephrine and Seritonin
When a person believes there is nothing they can do to stop bad things from happening to them so they stop trying to keep them from happening
Self defeating Beliefs
Occurs when bad things happen to a person and that person has no control over those events. In which they LEARN that they are HELPLESS to stop bad things from happening to them.
Learned Helplessness
Explanatory style
Refers to the way a person explains the things happen to them
Negative explanatory style attributes
- Attribute their failures to internal causes
- Attribute their failures to stable causes ( causes that won’t change in the future )
- Reasons for their failures will cause future failures in other areas
What is word salad?
In reference to how when making a salad and we mix up different ingredients, people with schizophrenic behaviors will do this a lot with their words.
What are hallucinations?
They are sensory experiences in the absence of sensory stimulation
What are common hallucinations?
Most common hallucinations include auditory like disturbing voices that say insulting statements or tell the person to do things.
What are positive symptoms in schizophrenia?
This refers to the presence of something inappropriate, the presence of something that should not be present.
Ex: delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behavior
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
This refers to the absence of something that should be present.
Ex: flattening of emotions, low motivation
