Chapter 12 Paychological Disorders

Question 1

Specific phobias

Answer 1

Specific phobias are specific worries or fears associated with a particular stimulus or situation

Question 2

What is an example of specific phobias

Answer 2

A person with a phobia of snakes will experience anxiety if they are near or in contact with a snake; or even thinking about snakes. This person will adjust their way of life to avoid seeing snakes, so they will avoid anything nature related or reptile related.

Question 3

Social anxiety disorder and Examples

Answer 3

When someone has a tremendous amount of fear or anxiety associated with being in social situations.
Examples include: fear of public speaking, speaking in class, eating in front of people.

Question 4

Generalized anxiety disorder and symptoms

Answer 4

When someone experiences anxiety without having to have contact with a specific object or situation.
Symptoms include: tension, uneasiness, shakiness, sweaty palms

Question 5

Panic disorder and symptoms

Answer 5

They are episodes of intense anxiety.
Symptoms include: feeling of terror, chest pain, choking, and shortness of breath

Question 6

How long do panic attacks last?

Answer 6

They last several minutes to half an hour, although the peak time is between the first ten minutes.

Question 7

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Answer 7

OCD is when someone repeatedly performs certain behaviors

Question 8

An example of OCD

Answer 8

An example would include cleaning rituals where someone may wash their hands constantly, shower repeatedly, or scrub for hours.

Question 9

Obsessions

Answer 9

Are persistent and repetitive thoughts a person can’t avoid and cause anxiety to the individual.

Question 10

Compulsions

Answer 10

Behaviors that a person may perform to reduce anxiety caused by their obsessive thoughts.

Question 11

Checking compulsion examples

Answer 11

Includes: constantly checking locks, appliances, or fear of hitting a car

Question 12

Contamination compulsions

Answer 12

Include: continual hand and body washing, disinfection and sterilization, avoiding doorknobs, and cleaning children

Question 13

Prepared fears

Answer 13

Biologically prepared to have these fears like fear of bugs, animals, heights, or in closed spaces

Question 14

Major depressive disorder

Answer 14

When a person experiences a prolonged period of depressed mood and loss of interest in daily activities

Question 15

Bipolar disorder

Answer 15

When a person alternates between depression and mania. Mania is an excited states of a generally positive mind

Question 16

How long does major depressive disorder last and what are some symptoms?

Answer 16

It can last between 2 weeks through 6 months.
Symptoms include: prolonged depressed mood, hopelessness, despair, low self esteem, feeling guilty, inability to experience pleasure

Question 17

Characteristics of a Manic episode

Answer 17

It is characterized by feelings of euphoria, elated mood, hyperactivity, an inability to sleep, talkativeness,

Question 18

What are positive aspects of a manic episode?

Answer 18

Some aspects include more outgoing, more socially at ease, creative, alert, productive, greater sexual intensity

Question 19

Depression is linked with lower than normal concentrations of what two neurotransmitters?

Answer 19

Norepinephrine and Seritonin

Question 20

When a person believes there is nothing they can do to stop bad things from happening to them so they stop trying to keep them from happening

Answer 20

Self defeating Beliefs

Question 21

Occurs when bad things happen to a person and that person has no control over those events. In which they LEARN that they are HELPLESS to stop bad things from happening to them.

Answer 21

Learned Helplessness

Question 22

Explanatory style

Answer 22

Refers to the way a person explains the things happen to them

Question 23

Negative explanatory style attributes

Answer 23

1. Attribute their failures to internal causes
2. Attribute their failures to stable causes ( causes that won’t change in the future )
3. Reasons for their failures will cause future failures in other areas

Question 24

What is word salad?

Answer 24

In reference to how when making a salad and we mix up different ingredients, people with schizophrenic behaviors will do this a lot with their words.

Question 25

What are hallucinations?

Answer 25

They are sensory experiences in the absence of sensory stimulation

Question 26

What are common hallucinations?

Answer 26

Most common hallucinations include auditory like disturbing voices that say insulting statements or tell the person to do things.

Question 27

What are positive symptoms in schizophrenia?

Answer 27

This refers to the presence of something inappropriate, the presence of something that should not be present.
Ex: delusions, hallucinations, bizarre behavior

Question 28

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 28

This refers to the absence of something that should be present.
Ex: flattening of emotions, low motivation