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Essentials of Paramedic Care > Chapter 12 - Part 2 - Body Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Part 2 - Body Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Layers of the Skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Subcutaneous Tissue
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2
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer of the skin compromising of dead or dying cells

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3
Q

Sebum

A

Fatty secretion of the sebaceous gland that helps keep the skin pliable and waterproof

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4
Q

Dermis

A

True skin, also called the corium; it is layer of tissue producing the epidermis and housing the structures, blood vessels, and nerves normally associated with the skin.

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5
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Glads within the dermis secreting sebum

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6
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

A

Glands within the dermis that secrete sweat

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7
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue

A

Body layer beneath the dermis

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8
Q

Hematopoietic System

A

Body system having to do with the production and development of blood cells, consisting of the bone marrow, liver, spleen, kidneys and the blood itself

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9
Q

Homatipietic System Components

A
  • Bone Marrow
  • Liver
  • Spleen
  • Kidneys
  • Blood
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10
Q

Pluripotent Stem Cell

A

A cell from which the various types of blood cells can form

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11
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The process through which pluripotent stem cells differentiate into various types of blood cells

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12
Q

Erythropoietin

A

The hormone responsible for red blood cell production

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13
Q

Components of Blood

A
  • Plasma
  • Formed elements
    • Red Blood Cells
    • White Blood Cells
    • Platelets
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14
Q

Plasma

A

Thick, pale yellow fluid that makes up the liquid part of the blood

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15
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red Blood Cell

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16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Oxygen- bearing molecule in the red blood cells. It is made up of iron-rich red pigment called heme and a protein called globing

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17
Q

pO2

A

Partial pressure of oxygen; (partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a given component of a gas containing several components)

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18
Q

pCO2

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide

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19
Q

Bohr effect

A

Phenomenon in which a decrease in pCO2/ acidity causes an increase in the quantity of oxygen that binds with the hemoglobin; conversely, an increase in PCO2/ acidity causes the hemoglobin to give up a greater quantity of oxygen

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20
Q

2,3-diphosphoglycerate

A

Aka 2,3-DPG

chemical in the red blood cells that affects hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen

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21
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

The process of producing red blood cells

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22
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction of red blood cells

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23
Q

Sequestration

A

The trapping of red blood cells by an organ, such as the spleen

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24
Q

Hematocrit

A

The packed cell volume of red blood cells per unit of blood

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25
Q

Leukocyte

A

White Blood Cell

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26
Q

Chemotaxis

A

The movement of white blood cells in response to chemical signals

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27
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Process in which blood cells engulf and destroy an invader

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28
Q

Leukopoiesis

A

The process through which stem cells differentiate into the white blood cells immature forms

29
Q

White Blood Cell - Blasts

A
  • Myeloblasts
  • Monoblasts
  • Lymphoblasts
30
Q

White Blood Cell Categories

A
  • Granulocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Lymphocytes
31
Q

Granulocyte Classifications

A
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils
32
Q

MBP

A

Major Basic Protein

A larvacidal peptide

33
Q

Neutropenia

A

A low neutrophil count

34
Q

Autoimmune Disease

A

Condition in which the body makes antibodies against its own tissues

35
Q

Inflammatory Process

A

A non specific defence mechanism that wards off damage from microorganisms or trauma

36
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Blood platelet

37
Q

Hemostasis

A

The combined mechanisms that work to prevent or control blood loss

38
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

The process through which plasmin dismantles a blood clot

39
Q

Thrombosis

A

Clot formation, which is extremely dangerous when it occurs in coronary arteries or cerebral vasculature

40
Q

Functions of the Skeleton

A
  • Gives the body structural form
  • Protects vital organs
  • Allows for efficient movement
  • Stores salts and other materials for metabolism
  • Produces red blood cells
41
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A
  • Two distinct subsystems: skeleton and muscles

- Provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body

42
Q

Haversian Canals

A

Small perforations of the long bones through which the blood vessels and nerves travel into the bone itself

43
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone-forming cell found in the bone matrix that helps maintain the bone

44
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cell that helps in the creation of the new bone during growth and bone repair

45
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone cell that absorbs and removes excess bone

46
Q

Perforating Canals

A

Structures through which blood vessels enter and exit the bone shaft

47
Q

Devascularization

A

Loss of blood vessels from a body part

48
Q

Diaphysis

A

Hollow shaft found in long bones

49
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of a long bone, including the epiphyseal, or growth plate and supporting structures underlying the joint

50
Q

Cancellous

A

Having a latticework structure, as in the spongy tissue of a bone

51
Q

Articular Surface

A

Surface of a bone that moves against another bone

52
Q

Metaphysis

A

Growth zone of a bone, active during the development stages of youth. It is located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

53
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

Area of the metaphysis where cartilage is generated during bone growth in childhood; growth plate

54
Q

Joint Capsule

A

The ligaments that surround a joint; synovial capsule

55
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Substance that lubricates synovial joints

56
Q

Bursae

A

Sacs containing synovial fluid that cushion adjacent structures; singular bursa.

57
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Bones of the head, thorax and spine

58
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of the extremities, shoulder girdle and pelvis except the sacrum

59
Q

Types of muscles

A
  • Cardiac Muscle
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Skeletal Muscle
60
Q

Fasciculus

A

Small bundle of muscle fibres

61
Q

Origin

A

Attachment of a muscle to a bone that does not move (or experiences the least movement) when the muscle contracts

62
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment of a muscle to a bone that moves when the muscle contracts

63
Q

Opposition

A

Pairing of muscles that permits extension and flexion of limbs

64
Q

Tone

A

State of slight contraction of muscles that gives them firmness and keeps them ready to contract

65
Q

Galea Aponeurotica

A

Connective tissue sheet covering the superior aspect of the cranium

66
Q

Cranium

A

Vault-like portion of the skull encasing the brain

67
Q

Sutures

A

Pseudo-joints that join the various bones of the skull to form the cranium

68
Q

ICP

A

Intercranial Pressure

Pressure exerted on the brain by the blood and cerebrospinal fluid

Essentials of Paramedic Care (2 decks)

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