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Essentials of Paramedic Care > Chapter 12 - Part 1 - The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Part 1 - The Cell Flashcards

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1
Q

Fundamental unit of life

A

The Cell

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2
Q

Three main elements of a cell

A

Cell Membrane
Cytoplasms
Nucleus

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3
Q

Semipermeability

A

The characteristic ability of a cell membrane to selectively permit material to pass through.

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

The structure that contains the genetic material including the cell’s DNA.

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Thick viscous fluid that fills the cell and gives it shape

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6
Q

ATP - adenosine triphosphate

A

The compound that provides the cell with most of its energy

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7
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Aka Plasma Membrane

The outer covering of a cell

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8
Q

Organelles

A

Structures that perform specific functions within a cell

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9
Q

Structure Hierarchy of the Body

A

Cells > Tissues > Organs > Organ Systems > Organism

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10
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells that perform a similar function

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11
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

The protective tissue that lines internal and external body tissues.
Ex. Skin, Mucous Membranes

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12
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Tissue that is capable of contraction when stimulated. 3 types:
Cardiac- capable of spontaneous or self- excited contraction.
Smooth- within intestines, surrounding blood cells. Under involuntary or unconscious control.
Skeletal- aka Striated. Allows skeletal movement. Mostly under voluntary control.

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13
Q

Connective Tissue

A

The most abundant body tissue; it provides support, connection, and insulation.
Ex. Bone, Cartilage, Fat, Blood

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14
Q

Nerve Tissue

A

Tissue that transmits electrical impulses throughout the body

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15
Q

Organ

A

A group of tissue functioning together.

Ex Heart, Liver, Brain, Ovary, Eye

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16
Q

Organ System

A

A group of organs that work together.

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17
Q

Organism

A

The sum of all the cells, tissues, organs and organ systems of a living being.
Ex. The human organism, a bacterial organism

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18
Q

TBW

A

Total Body Weight

The total amount of water in the body of a given time. Approximately 60% of the total body weight

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19
Q

ICF

A

Intracellular Fluid

The fluid inside the body cells; contained inside the intercellular compartment

75% of TBW

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20
Q

ECF

A

Extracellular Fluid

The fluid outside the body cells, comprised of intravascular fluid and interstitial fluid. The extracellular compartment contains it.

25% of TBW

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21
Q

Intravascular Fluid

A

The fluid within the circulatory system; blood plasma

22
Q

Interstitial Fluid

A

The fluid in body tissues that is outside the cells and outside the vascular system

23
Q

Solvent

A

A substance that dissolves other substances, forming a solution.

Water is the universal solvent. Water is crucial to virtually all of the body’s biochemical processes

24
Q

Dehydration

A

Excessive loss of body fluid.

Some causes:
Vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration, peritonitis, malnutrition, burns, open wounds

25
Q

Turgor

A

Normal tension in a cell; the resistance of the skin to deformation.

26
Q

Overhydration

A

The presence or retention of an abnormally high amount of body fluid

27
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance that in water separates into electrically charged particles

28
Q

Dissociate

A

Separate; break down. For example, sodium bicarbonate, when placed in water, dissociates into a sodium caution and a bicarbonate anion.

29
Q

Ion

A

A charged particle; an atom or group of atoms whose electrical charge has changed from neutral to positive or negative by losing or gaining one or more electrons

30
Q

Cation

A

An ion with a positive charge - so called because it will be attracted to a cathode, or negative pole

31
Q

Anion

A

An ion with a negative charge - so called because it will be attracted to an anode, or positive pole

32
Q

Buffer

A

A substance that tends to preserve or restore a normal acid-base balance by increasing or decreasing the concentration of hydrogen ions

33
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal in concentration of solute molecules; solutions may be isotonic to each other

34
Q

Hypertonic

A

Having a greater concentration of solute molecules; one solution may be hypertonic to another

35
Q

Hypotonic

A

Having a lesser concentration of solute molecules; one solution may be hypotonic to another

36
Q

Osmotic Gradient

A

The difference in concentration between solutions on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane

37
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

38
Q

Osmosis

A

The passage of a solvent, such as water, through a membrane

39
Q

Active Transport

A

Movement of a substance through a cell membrane against the osmotic gradient; that is, from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration, opposite to the normal direction of diffusion

40
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Diffusion of a substance, such as glucose, through a cell membrane that requires the assistance of a “helper” or carrier protein

41
Q

Osmolality

A

The concentration of solute per kilogram of water

42
Q

Osmolarity

A

The concentration of solute per litre of water (often used synonymously with osmolarity)

43
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

The pressure exerted by the concentration of solutes on one side of a membrane that, if hypertonic, tends to pull water (cause osmosis) from the other side of the membrane

44
Q

Oncotic Force

A

A form of osmotic pressure exerted by the large protein particles, or colloids, present in blood plasma. In the capillaries, the plasma colloids tend to pull water from the interstitial space across the capillary membrane into the capillary.
AKA Colloid Osmotic Pressure

45
Q

Hydrostatic Pressure

A

Blood pressure or force against vessel walls created by the heart beat. Hydrostatic Pressure tends to force water of the capillaries into the interstitial space

46
Q

Filtration

A

Movement of water out of the plasma across the capillary membrane into the interstitial space

47
Q

Net Filtration

A

The total loss of water from blood plasma across the capillary membrane into the interstitial space. Normally, hydrostatic pressure forcing water out of the capillary is balanced by oncotic force pulling water into the capillary for a net filtration of zero.

48
Q

pH

A

Abbreviation for potential of hydrogen. A measure of relative acidity or alkalinity. Since the pH scale is inverse to the concentration of acidic hydrogen ions, the lower the pH, the greater the acidity; the higher the pH, the greater is the alkalinity. A normal pH range is 7.35 to 7.45

49
Q

Acidosis

A

A high concentration of hydrogen ions; a pH below 7.35

50
Q

Alkalosis

A

A low concentration of hydrogen ions; a pH above 7.45

51
Q

Three mechanisms of hydrogen ion removal

A
  • Bicarbonate buffer system
  • Respiration
  • Kidney function

Essentials of Paramedic Care (2 decks)

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