Chapter 12 Pancreas Flashcards
Branch of splenic artery that supplies the tail of the pancreas
caudal pancreatic artery
Tapered end of the pancreas that lies in the left hypochondrium near the hilus of the spleen and upper pole of the left kidney
tail of the pancreas
Junction of the splenic and main portal vein; posterior border of the body of the pancreas
portal splenic confluence
Help supply blood to the pancreas along with the splenic artery
pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Lies in the midepigastrium anterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein, aorta, and inferior vena cava
body of the pancreas
Small curved tip of the pancreatic head that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vein.
uncinate process
Forms the lateral border of the head of the pancreas
C-loop of the duodenum
Small area of the pancreas between the head and body; anterior to the superior mesenteric vein.
neck of pancreas
Lies posterior to the neck of body of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process gland
Superior mesenteric vein
Forms the right superior border of the body and head of the pancreas and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery
common hepatic duct
Largest duct of the pancreas that drains the tail, body, and head of gland; it joins the common bile duct to enter the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater
duct of Wirsung
Lies in the C-loop of the duodenum; the gastroduodenal artery is the anterolateral border, and the common bile duct is the posterolateral border
head of pancreas
Serves as the posterior border to the body of the pancreas
superior mesenteric artery
Small accessory duct of the pancreas found in the head of the gland
duct of Santorini
Branch of the splenic artery that supplies the body of the pancreas
dorsal pancreatic artery
The kind of pancreatic function that involves the production of the hormone insulin
endocrine
Portion of the pancreas that has an endocrine function and produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
islets of Langerhans
Stimulates the liver to convert the glycogen to glucose; produced by alpha cells
glucagons
The kind of pancreatic function that involves the production and digestion of pancreatic juice
exocrine
Pancreatic enzyme that is elevated during pancreatitis
serum amylase
Cells that perform exocrine function
acini cells
Hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and that allows circulating glucose to enter tissue cells
insulin
Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats; enzyme is elevated in pancreatitis and remains increased longer than amylase
lipase
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates
amylase
Congenital condition in which elevated fat levels cause pancreatitis
hyperlipidemia
Excessive bilirubin in the bloodstream caused by an obstruction of bile from the liver; characterized by a yellow discoloration of the sclera of the eye, skin, and mucous membranes
obstructive jaundice
Malignant neoplasm that aries from the lymphoid tissues
lymphoma
Dilated loops of bowel without peristalsis; associated with various abdominal problems, including pancreatitis, sickle cell crisis, and bowel obstruction
ileus
Space or cavity that contains fluid but has no true endothelial lining membrane
pseudocyst
“Sterile abscess” collection of pancreatic enzymes that accumulate in the available space in abdomen, usually in or near pancreas
pancreatic pseudocyst
Abnormal increase in white blood cells caused by infections
leukocytosis
Enlargement of the gallbladder caused by a slow, progessive obstruction of the distal common bile duct from an external mass, such as adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head.
Courvoisier’s gallbladder
Elevated levels of calcium in blood
hypercalcemia
Fluid accumulation caused by a rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdomen; free-floating pancreatic enzymes are very dangerous to surrounding structures
pancreatic ascites
Hereditary disease that causes excessive production of thick mucus by the endocrine glands
cystic fibrosis
The pancreas is located in the ______________ cavity posterior to the stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum of the small bowel.
retroperitoneal
The pancreatic gland appears sonographically ______________ to slightly more _________________ then the hepatic parenchyma.
isoechoic; hyperechoic
The major posterior vascular landmarks of the pancreas are the __________________ and _________________
aorta; inferior vena cava
The head of the pancreas lies ______________ to the inferior vena cava
anterior
The ___________________ crosses anterior to the uncinate process of the head of the gland and posterior to the neck of the body
superior mesenteric vein
The tortuous _____________ is the superior border of the pancreas
splenic artery
The tail of the pancreas is more difficult to image because it lies anterior to the left kidney and posterior to the left _____________ and ________________.
colic flexure; transverse colon
The ______________ receives tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of duodenum with the common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater.
duct of Wirsung
The blood supply for the pancreas is from the __________ artery and the _________________ ateries.
splenic; pancreaticoduodenal
The _______________ artery is seen along the anterolateral border of the pancreas as it travels a short distance along the anterior aspect of the pancreatic duct.
gastroduodenal
The _________________ duct crosses the anterior aspect of the portal vein to the right of the proper hepatic artery.
common bile duct
The portal vein is ______________ to the inferior vena cava.
anterior
Name the structures that should be identified as landmarks to locate the pancreas.
Superior mesenteric vein & artery portal and splenic veins Aorta IVC Common bile duct Gastroduodenal artery left renal vein duodenal bulb posterior wall of stomach pancreatic duct
When the pancreas is enlarged, the anterior border of the ______________ may depict a slight indentation.
inferior vena cava
When the pancreas becomes damaged and malfunctions as a result of increased secretion and blockage of ducts, ______________ occurs
Pancreatitis
An acute attack of pancreatitis is commonly related to ________________, and ___________________.
biliary tract disease; alcoholism
The patient with pancreatitis typically presents with moderate to severe tenderness in the ________________ radiating to the _________________.
epigastrium, back
When swelling does occur, the gland is hypoechoic to anechoic and is less echogenic than the liver because of the increased prominence of _________________ and _________________.
lobulations; congested vessels
The pancreatic duct may be obstructed in acute pancreatitis as a result of _______________, ________________, _____________, __________________, and ________________.
inflammation, spasm, edema, swelling of papilla, and pseudocyst formation.
Fluid collections around the pancreatic ___________, along the _______________ spaces, within the _____________ pouch, and around the _______________ may be present in a patient with acute pancreatitis.
bed; pararenal; morisons, duodenum
The most frequent parpancreatic neoplasm is _______________.
lymphoma
List the clinical findings in a patient with carcinoma of the pancreas.
Weightloss, painless jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and changes in stool
The most common primary neoplasm of the pancreas is _____________________.
adenocarcinoma
A pseduocyst develops when pancreatic _______________ escape from the gland and break down tissue to form a sterile abscess somewhere in the abdomen.
enzymes
