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Sonography part 1 > Chapter 12 Pancreas > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of splenic artery that supplies the tail of the pancreas

A

caudal pancreatic artery

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2
Q

Tapered end of the pancreas that lies in the left hypochondrium near the hilus of the spleen and upper pole of the left kidney

A

tail of the pancreas

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3
Q

Junction of the splenic and main portal vein; posterior border of the body of the pancreas

A

portal splenic confluence

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4
Q

Help supply blood to the pancreas along with the splenic artery

A

pancreaticoduodenal arteries

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5
Q

Lies in the midepigastrium anterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein, aorta, and inferior vena cava

A

body of the pancreas

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6
Q

Small curved tip of the pancreatic head that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vein.

A

uncinate process

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7
Q

Forms the lateral border of the head of the pancreas

A

C-loop of the duodenum

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8
Q

Small area of the pancreas between the head and body; anterior to the superior mesenteric vein.

A

neck of pancreas

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9
Q

Lies posterior to the neck of body of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process gland

A

Superior mesenteric vein

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10
Q

Forms the right superior border of the body and head of the pancreas and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery

A

common hepatic duct

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11
Q

Largest duct of the pancreas that drains the tail, body, and head of gland; it joins the common bile duct to enter the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater

A

duct of Wirsung

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12
Q

Lies in the C-loop of the duodenum; the gastroduodenal artery is the anterolateral border, and the common bile duct is the posterolateral border

A

head of pancreas

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13
Q

Serves as the posterior border to the body of the pancreas

A

superior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

Small accessory duct of the pancreas found in the head of the gland

A

duct of Santorini

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15
Q

Branch of the splenic artery that supplies the body of the pancreas

A

dorsal pancreatic artery

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16
Q

The kind of pancreatic function that involves the production of the hormone insulin

A

endocrine

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17
Q

Portion of the pancreas that has an endocrine function and produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

A

islets of Langerhans

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18
Q

Stimulates the liver to convert the glycogen to glucose; produced by alpha cells

A

glucagons

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19
Q

The kind of pancreatic function that involves the production and digestion of pancreatic juice

A

exocrine

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20
Q

Pancreatic enzyme that is elevated during pancreatitis

A

serum amylase

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21
Q

Cells that perform exocrine function

A

acini cells

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22
Q

Hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and that allows circulating glucose to enter tissue cells

A

insulin

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23
Q

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats; enzyme is elevated in pancreatitis and remains increased longer than amylase

A

lipase

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24
Q

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates

A

amylase

25
Q

Congenital condition in which elevated fat levels cause pancreatitis

A

hyperlipidemia

26
Q

Excessive bilirubin in the bloodstream caused by an obstruction of bile from the liver; characterized by a yellow discoloration of the sclera of the eye, skin, and mucous membranes

A

obstructive jaundice

27
Q

Malignant neoplasm that aries from the lymphoid tissues

A

lymphoma

28
Q

Dilated loops of bowel without peristalsis; associated with various abdominal problems, including pancreatitis, sickle cell crisis, and bowel obstruction

A

ileus

29
Q

Space or cavity that contains fluid but has no true endothelial lining membrane

A

pseudocyst

30
Q

“Sterile abscess” collection of pancreatic enzymes that accumulate in the available space in abdomen, usually in or near pancreas

A

pancreatic pseudocyst

31
Q

Abnormal increase in white blood cells caused by infections

A

leukocytosis

32
Q

Enlargement of the gallbladder caused by a slow, progessive obstruction of the distal common bile duct from an external mass, such as adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head.

A

Courvoisier’s gallbladder

33
Q

Elevated levels of calcium in blood

A

hypercalcemia

34
Q

Fluid accumulation caused by a rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdomen; free-floating pancreatic enzymes are very dangerous to surrounding structures

A

pancreatic ascites

35
Q

Hereditary disease that causes excessive production of thick mucus by the endocrine glands

A

cystic fibrosis

36
Q

The pancreas is located in the ______________ cavity posterior to the stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum of the small bowel.

A

retroperitoneal

37
Q

The pancreatic gland appears sonographically ______________ to slightly more _________________ then the hepatic parenchyma.

A

isoechoic; hyperechoic

38
Q

The major posterior vascular landmarks of the pancreas are the __________________ and _________________

A

aorta; inferior vena cava

39
Q

The head of the pancreas lies ______________ to the inferior vena cava

A

anterior

40
Q

The ___________________ crosses anterior to the uncinate process of the head of the gland and posterior to the neck of the body

A

superior mesenteric vein

41
Q

The tortuous _____________ is the superior border of the pancreas

A

splenic artery

42
Q

The tail of the pancreas is more difficult to image because it lies anterior to the left kidney and posterior to the left _____________ and ________________.

A

colic flexure; transverse colon

43
Q

The ______________ receives tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of duodenum with the common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater.

A

duct of Wirsung

44
Q

The blood supply for the pancreas is from the __________ artery and the _________________ ateries.

A

splenic; pancreaticoduodenal

45
Q

The _______________ artery is seen along the anterolateral border of the pancreas as it travels a short distance along the anterior aspect of the pancreatic duct.

A

gastroduodenal

46
Q

The _________________ duct crosses the anterior aspect of the portal vein to the right of the proper hepatic artery.

A

common bile duct

47
Q

The portal vein is ______________ to the inferior vena cava.

A

anterior

48
Q

Name the structures that should be identified as landmarks to locate the pancreas.

A 
Superior mesenteric vein & artery
portal and splenic veins
Aorta
IVC
Common bile duct
Gastroduodenal artery
left renal vein
duodenal bulb
posterior wall of stomach
pancreatic duct
49
Q

When the pancreas is enlarged, the anterior border of the ______________ may depict a slight indentation.

A

inferior vena cava

50
Q

When the pancreas becomes damaged and malfunctions as a result of increased secretion and blockage of ducts, ______________ occurs

A

Pancreatitis

51
Q

An acute attack of pancreatitis is commonly related to ________________, and ___________________.

A

biliary tract disease; alcoholism

52
Q

The patient with pancreatitis typically presents with moderate to severe tenderness in the ________________ radiating to the _________________.

A

epigastrium, back

53
Q

When swelling does occur, the gland is hypoechoic to anechoic and is less echogenic than the liver because of the increased prominence of _________________ and _________________.

A

lobulations; congested vessels

54
Q

The pancreatic duct may be obstructed in acute pancreatitis as a result of _______________, ________________, _____________, __________________, and ________________.

A

inflammation, spasm, edema, swelling of papilla, and pseudocyst formation.

55
Q

Fluid collections around the pancreatic ___________, along the _______________ spaces, within the _____________ pouch, and around the _______________ may be present in a patient with acute pancreatitis.

A

bed; pararenal; morisons, duodenum

56
Q

The most frequent parpancreatic neoplasm is _______________.

A

lymphoma

57
Q

List the clinical findings in a patient with carcinoma of the pancreas.

A

Weightloss, painless jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and changes in stool

58
Q

The most common primary neoplasm of the pancreas is _____________________.

A

adenocarcinoma

59
Q

A pseduocyst develops when pancreatic _______________ escape from the gland and break down tissue to form a sterile abscess somewhere in the abdomen.

A

enzymes

Sonography part 1 (5 decks)

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