Chapter 12-Neural Tissue Flashcards
The Nervous System, includes all the Nervous Tissue of the body. (T/F)
True
The Anatomical division of the NS consists of _____
CNS and PNS parts
The Central part of the NS consists of the ___ and the ___ .
Brain, spinal cord
The Peripheral NS consists of _____
Ganglia and nerves
The cranial nerves are connected to the ___. The spinal nerves are connected to the ____ .
Brain, spinal cord
All the neuron tissue outside the CNS comprises PNS. (T/F)
True
The Peripheral portion of the NS consists of ____ and the ____ divisions.
Afferent, efferent
The components of the efferent division are ____ and ____ .
Somatic NS, Autonomic NS
The Somatic NS controls _____
Skeletal muscle contractions
What is the basic functional unit of the NS?
Neuron
The Autonomic NS includes two divisions that are __________
Sympathetic Division and Parasympathetic Division
The afferent portion of the NS brings info to the CNS. (T/F)
True
The sensory division of the NS brings sensory info to the CNS (T/F) and the efferent portion of the NS brings info from the CNS (T/F).
True, True
The motor division brings info to the CNS (T/F)
False
Microglia
-Phagocytic cells
- The smallest cells, least numerous
Function:
Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis.
Oligodendrocytes
- To Produces myelin in that covers many CNS axons
Function:
Myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework
Astrocytes
-Secrete chemicals for blood -brain barrier
-The most abundant cells, largest and most numerous
Functions:
Maintain blood-brain barrier, provide structural support; regulate ion, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations; absorb and recycle neurotransmitters; form scar tissue after injury
The two types of neuralgia in the PNS are _____
Schwann cells and satellite cells
Schwann cells
- To produce myelin sheath in PNS
- To form the neurilemma of axons in PNS
Function:
Surround all axons in PNS; responsible for myelination of peripheral axons; participate in repair process after injury
Satellite Cells
-Glial cells that surround the neuron in ganglia
Functions:
Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; regulate; O2, CO2, nutrient, and neurotransmitter around neurons in ganglia
Satellite cells are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system (T/F)
True
Function of neuroglia
-PRODUCE MYELIN
-SEPARATE & PROTECTS THE NEURONS
-SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK FOR NEURAL TISSUE
-ACTS AS PHAGOCYTES
-MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
-PRODUCE CSF
-REGULATE THE COMPOSITION OF INTERSTITIAL
FLUID
Interoreceptors
Monitor internal organs; digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems and provide sensations of distension: deep pressure and pain.
Propioceptors
Monitor positions of our muscles and joints
Exteroceptors
Provides info about external environment (touch,pressure, temp., sight, smell, hearing)
The efferent or motor division carries motor commands to muscles and glands (T/F)
True
Axoplasm (or cytoplasm of the axon)
Contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes
Axoplasmic transport
The movement of materials between the cell body and synaptic terminals
Types of axoplasmic transport
- Anterograde flow: flow of materials from the cell body to the synaptic terminal, carried by kinesin
- Retrograde flow: substances transported toward the cell body, carried by dynein
Receptors
Sensory structures that either detect changes in the environment (internal or external) or respond to specific stimuli
The skeletal muscles are controlled by the Somatic NS (T/F)
True
Special Sensory Receptors
Provides sensations of smell, taste, vision, balance, or hearing
Somatic Sensory Receptors
Monitor skeletal muscles, joints, skin surface; provide position sense and touch, pressure, pain, or temp. sensations
Visceral Sensory Receptors
Monitor internal organs, including those of cardiovascular,respiratory, urinary, digestive, or reproductive systems
Demyelination is associated with numbness and paralysis associated with degenerative process (T/F)
True
Deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the some is called _______
Wallerian degeneration
The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by oligodendrocytes (T/F)
True
Microglia are small phagocytes (T/F)
True
The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of the neuron is called perykaryon (T/F)
True
The cytoplasm of the axon is called axoplasm (T/F)
True
Norepinephrine is found in the brain and portions of the ANS (T/F)
True
Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are important neurotransmitters (T/F)
True
The site of intercellular communication between neurons is the ____
Synapse
Synapse that release norepinephrine are adrenergic synapses (T/F)
True
Dopamine is involved the n Parkinson’s disease (T/F)
True
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter related to emotional states (T/F)
True
GABA is related to the reduction of anxiety (T/F)
True
Channels that are always open are known as _____
Passive channels or leak channels
An action potential traveling along the axon is called a ______
Nerve impulse
The neuron that delivers info to the CNS are _____
Sensory neurons
