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bsc2085 > Chapter 12-Neural Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 12-Neural Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

The Nervous System, includes all the Nervous Tissue of the body. (T/F)

A

True

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2
Q

The Anatomical division of the NS consists of _____

A

CNS and PNS parts

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3
Q

The Central part of the NS consists of the ___ and the ___ .

A

Brain, spinal cord

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4
Q

The Peripheral NS consists of _____

A

Ganglia and nerves

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5
Q

The cranial nerves are connected to the ___. The spinal nerves are connected to the ____ .

A

Brain, spinal cord

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6
Q

All the neuron tissue outside the CNS comprises PNS. (T/F)

A

True

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7
Q

The Peripheral portion of the NS consists of ____ and the ____ divisions.

A

Afferent, efferent

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8
Q

The components of the efferent division are ____ and ____ .

A

Somatic NS, Autonomic NS

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9
Q

The Somatic NS controls _____

A

Skeletal muscle contractions

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10
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the NS?

A

Neuron

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11
Q

The Autonomic NS includes two divisions that are __________

A

Sympathetic Division and Parasympathetic Division

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12
Q

The afferent portion of the NS brings info to the CNS. (T/F)

A

True

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13
Q

The sensory division of the NS brings sensory info to the CNS (T/F) and the efferent portion of the NS brings info from the CNS (T/F).

A

True, True

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14
Q

The motor division brings info to the CNS (T/F)

A

False

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15
Q

Microglia

A

-Phagocytic cells
- The smallest cells, least numerous
Function:
Remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis.

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16
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A
  • To Produces myelin in that covers many CNS axons
    Function:
    Myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework
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17
Q

Astrocytes

A

-Secrete chemicals for blood -brain barrier
-The most abundant cells, largest and most numerous
Functions:
Maintain blood-brain barrier, provide structural support; regulate ion, nutrient, and dissolved gas concentrations; absorb and recycle neurotransmitters; form scar tissue after injury

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18
Q

The two types of neuralgia in the PNS are _____

A

Schwann cells and satellite cells

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19
Q

Schwann cells

A
  • To produce myelin sheath in PNS
  • To form the neurilemma of axons in PNS
    Function:
    Surround all axons in PNS; responsible for myelination of peripheral axons; participate in repair process after injury
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20
Q

Satellite Cells

A

-Glial cells that surround the neuron in ganglia
Functions:
Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; regulate; O2, CO2, nutrient, and neurotransmitter around neurons in ganglia

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21
Q

Satellite cells are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system (T/F)

A

True

22
Q

Function of neuroglia

A

-PRODUCE MYELIN
-SEPARATE & PROTECTS THE NEURONS
-SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK FOR NEURAL TISSUE
-ACTS AS PHAGOCYTES
-MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
-PRODUCE CSF
-REGULATE THE COMPOSITION OF INTERSTITIAL
FLUID

23
Q

Interoreceptors

A

Monitor internal organs; digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems and provide sensations of distension: deep pressure and pain.

24
Q

Propioceptors

A

Monitor positions of our muscles and joints

25
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Provides info about external environment (touch,pressure, temp., sight, smell, hearing)

26
Q

The efferent or motor division carries motor commands to muscles and glands (T/F)

A

True

27
Q

Axoplasm (or cytoplasm of the axon)

A

Contains neurofibrils, neurotubules, small vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and various enzymes

28
Q

Axoplasmic transport

A

The movement of materials between the cell body and synaptic terminals

29
Q

Types of axoplasmic transport

A
  • Anterograde flow: flow of materials from the cell body to the synaptic terminal, carried by kinesin
  • Retrograde flow: substances transported toward the cell body, carried by dynein
30
Q

Receptors

A

Sensory structures that either detect changes in the environment (internal or external) or respond to specific stimuli

31
Q

The skeletal muscles are controlled by the Somatic NS (T/F)

A

True

32
Q

Special Sensory Receptors

A

Provides sensations of smell, taste, vision, balance, or hearing

33
Q

Somatic Sensory Receptors

A

Monitor skeletal muscles, joints, skin surface; provide position sense and touch, pressure, pain, or temp. sensations

34
Q

Visceral Sensory Receptors

A

Monitor internal organs, including those of cardiovascular,respiratory, urinary, digestive, or reproductive systems

35
Q

Demyelination is associated with numbness and paralysis associated with degenerative process (T/F)

A

True

36
Q

Deteriorating changes in the distal segment of an axon as a result of a break between it and the some is called _______

A

Wallerian degeneration

37
Q

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by oligodendrocytes (T/F)

A

True

38
Q

Microglia are small phagocytes (T/F)

A

True

39
Q

The cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus of the neuron is called perykaryon (T/F)

A

True

40
Q

The cytoplasm of the axon is called axoplasm (T/F)

A

True

41
Q

Norepinephrine is found in the brain and portions of the ANS (T/F)

A

True

42
Q

Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are important neurotransmitters (T/F)

A

True

43
Q

The site of intercellular communication between neurons is the ____

A

Synapse

44
Q

Synapse that release norepinephrine are adrenergic synapses (T/F)

A

True

45
Q

Dopamine is involved the n Parkinson’s disease (T/F)

A

True

46
Q

Serotonin is a neurotransmitter related to emotional states (T/F)

A

True

47
Q

GABA is related to the reduction of anxiety (T/F)

A

True

48
Q

Channels that are always open are known as _____

A

Passive channels or leak channels

49
Q

An action potential traveling along the axon is called a ______

A

Nerve impulse

50
Q

The neuron that delivers info to the CNS are _____

A

Sensory neurons

bsc2085 (2 decks)

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