Chapter 12: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
In ______ __________ , a single individual gives rise to offspring that are identical to itself and others.
Asexual Reproduction
In asexual reproduction, new combinations of traits arise only through _______.
Mutation
In _______ ___________ , two individuals mix their genetic material
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction generates new combinations of traits in far fewer generations than does ________ alone
Mutation
________ _____ (body cells) of sexually reproducing eukaryotes contain pairs of homologous chromosomes
Somatic cells
___________ __________ carry two sets of genes for the same characteristics (one set of genes from the mother, the other from the father)
Homologous Chromosomes
______ are different forms of the same gene, and have slightly different DNA sequences
Alleles
________ are the basis for the differences that make up different alleles, and _______ _____________ results in new combinations of these traits
- Mutations
- Sexual Reproduction
Most genes have ________ alleles. Offspring of sexual reproducers inherit ____ ____________ of alleles.
- Multiple
- New Combinations
Sexual reproduction increases/decreases genetic variation.
increases
The ___ ________ ___________ states that organisms must constantly adapt and evolve to survive in an ever-changing environment. This is used to explain the evolution of sexual reproduction.
Red Queen Hypothesis
________ is the base of sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of __________ (mature reproductive cells) from two parents
Gametes
Gametes are specialized cells that derive from ______ _______.
All gametes are (haploid/diploid), but formation differs among plants and animals
Germ cells
Haploid
Meiosis is a ________ _________ mechanism that occurs in the reproductive cells of eukaryotes.
Chromosome numbers are _______ in reproductive cells.
- Nuclear Division
- halved
