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Chapter 12 - Living Standards in a Changing World Flashcards

0
Q

Define standard of living

A

Measure comparing how well people live in different countries based on three indicators.

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1
Q

What is the HDI

A

Human development index, used to rank standard of living in it’s member countries

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2
Q

What are the three indicators used to measure standard of living?

A

Life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP per capita (grid domestic product)

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3
Q

What is literacy rate?

A

Percentage of a population that is able to read and write

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4
Q

What is GDP per capita?

A

Gross domestic product, total value of all goods and services produced in a country in one year, divided by the population

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5
Q

What are NGOs?

A

Non-governmental organizations, non profit groups that work independently from govt on health, environment, human rights issues

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7
Q

What is infrastructure?

A

Basic functions of a modern economy

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8
Q

What are the qualities of a developed country?

A

world’s wealthiest countries

people are well housed, healthy, good literacy

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9
Q

What are newly industrializing countries?

A

countries experiencing rapid economic & industrial growth

many switch from agricultural to industrial economies

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10
Q

What are HIPCs?

A

Heavily indebted poor countries.

At low end of UN Human Development Index, in debt to developed nations

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11
Q

What are MDGs?

A

Millennium Development Goals

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12
Q

List the 8 MDGs

A
  1. eliminate extreme poverty
  2. achieve universal primary education
  3. promote gender equality & empower women
  4. reduce child morality
  5. improve maternal health
  6. combat diseases (ex, HIV)
  7. ensure environmental sustainability
  8. develop global partnership for development
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13
Q

What were the MDGs supposed to be achieved?

A

2015

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14
Q

define morality

A

death rate

calculated by # of deaths/1000 people in a population

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15
Q

define globalization

A

spread of ideas, info, culture around world through advances in communication, technology, and travel

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16
Q

What are MNCs?

A

Multinational corporations.

Corporations that do business in more than 1 country.

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17
Q

What is the world bank?

A

international group of 5 financial institutions. provides financial and technical help to developing countries

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18
Q

What is the LICO (low income cut off)?

A

used to determine poverty in Canada defined as a household that spends more than 70% of income on food, clothing, shelter

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19
Q

What’s the poverty line?

A

minimum income required to pay for basic needs

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20
Q

How is poverty measured in Canada?

A

By the LICO system.

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21
Q

How is poverty measured in US?

A

against cost of minimum adequate diet multiplied by three

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22
Q

What does OECD stand for?

A

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development.

23
Q

What is the OECD’s goals?

A

Improve living standards in developing countries

24
Q

What does IMF stand for?

A

International Monetary Fund

25
What is the IMF?
international organization designed to promote economic stability and development
26
What are megaprojects?
large-scale projects to develop infrastructure. didn't really help and caused a lot of pollution
27
What are commodities?
goods or services being bought or sold
28
What do SAPs stand for?
Structural adjustment programs
29
What are SAPs?
programs designed by World Bank and IMF to adjust economies of developing countries as a condition of receiving loans
30
What is bilateral aid?
assistance from one country to another
31
What is subsistence farming?
form of farming where crops grown are used to feed the farmer/his family, with little or nothing left over to sell or trade
32
What is desertification?
spread of desert-like conditions in an area, sometimes caused by human activity.
33
What is UNICEF?
United Nations Children's Fund. | Works to protect children's rights
34
What is the cycle of poverty?
baby born malnourished, development is slowed, poor nutrition & med care, poor performance in school, low literacy level, less chance of earning money, limited diet, poor health, lots of kids but not a lot of jobs, family in debt
35
What is the U5MR?
Under-5 mortality rate. UNICEF's main measure of human development
36
What is ethnic cleansing?
elimination of one ethnic group in an area by another
37
What is the PNR?
Progress of Nations report, published by UNICEF. About the welfare of children in countries worldwide. Measured risk on a scale of 0-100
38
What is bonded labour?
paying off a loan by working. | labourers often work more than their debt is worth
39
What are subsidies?
grants from gov't intended to help people
40
What is the WHO?
World Healthy Organization. UN agency that coordinated international health activities, helps gov't improve health services
41
What is the ILO?
International Labour Organization. Worked to eliminate child labour
42
What is the status of women in developing countries?
Lower than men, expected to take care of family as well as work
43
What are some diseases that plague the developing world?
Chloera, typhoid
44
What is malaria?
deadly infectious disease common in tropical climates, transmitted by mosquito
45
What are the major determinants of health?
Illteracy & limited education, poverty & inequity, rapid population growth, poor nutrition, lack of food, poor housing, little access to clean water & sanitation, environmental degradation, unhealthy human behaviour, social unrest and armed conflict, no health services, low status of women
46
What does UNESCO stand for?
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
47
What IS the UNESCO?
UN organization that builds peace, promotes sustainable development through education, sciences, culture, communication, and information
48
What is foreign aid?
aid from rich, industrialized countries to developing countries
49
What is the ODA?
official development assistance | aid given to developing countries through official gov't programs to promote economic development and welfare of people
50
What is multilateral aid?
aid delivered through international organizations like the UN and World Bank
51
What is tied aid?
aid given to foreign country with conditions attached
52
What is the CIDA?
Canadian International Development Agency. | Leading agency for helping developing world
53
What are the 6 priority areas of the CIDA?
basic human needs, women in development, infrastructure services, human rights, democracy, good gov', environment
54
What is a criticism of the CIDA?
Not sending enough aid to Africa

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