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Socials > Chapter 12 - Living Standards in a Changing World > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Living Standards in a Changing World Flashcards

0
Q

Define standard of living

A

Measure comparing how well people live in different countries based on three indicators.

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1
Q

What is the HDI

A

Human development index, used to rank standard of living in it’s member countries

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2
Q

What are the three indicators used to measure standard of living?

A

Life expectancy, literacy rate, GDP per capita (grid domestic product)

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3
Q

What is literacy rate?

A

Percentage of a population that is able to read and write

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4
Q

What is GDP per capita?

A

Gross domestic product, total value of all goods and services produced in a country in one year, divided by the population

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5
Q

What are NGOs?

A

Non-governmental organizations, non profit groups that work independently from govt on health, environment, human rights issues

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7
Q

What is infrastructure?

A

Basic functions of a modern economy

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8
Q

What are the qualities of a developed country?

A

world’s wealthiest countries

people are well housed, healthy, good literacy

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9
Q

What are newly industrializing countries?

A

countries experiencing rapid economic & industrial growth

many switch from agricultural to industrial economies

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10
Q

What are HIPCs?

A

Heavily indebted poor countries.

At low end of UN Human Development Index, in debt to developed nations

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11
Q

What are MDGs?

A

Millennium Development Goals

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12
Q

List the 8 MDGs

A
  1. eliminate extreme poverty
  2. achieve universal primary education
  3. promote gender equality & empower women
  4. reduce child morality
  5. improve maternal health
  6. combat diseases (ex, HIV)
  7. ensure environmental sustainability
  8. develop global partnership for development
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13
Q

What were the MDGs supposed to be achieved?

A

2015

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14
Q

define morality

A

death rate

calculated by # of deaths/1000 people in a population

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15
Q

define globalization

A

spread of ideas, info, culture around world through advances in communication, technology, and travel

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16
Q

What are MNCs?

A

Multinational corporations.

Corporations that do business in more than 1 country.

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17
Q

What is the world bank?

A

international group of 5 financial institutions. provides financial and technical help to developing countries

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18
Q

What is the LICO (low income cut off)?

A

used to determine poverty in Canada defined as a household that spends more than 70% of income on food, clothing, shelter

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19
Q

What’s the poverty line?

A

minimum income required to pay for basic needs

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20
Q

How is poverty measured in Canada?

A

By the LICO system.

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21
Q

How is poverty measured in US?

A

against cost of minimum adequate diet multiplied by three

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22
Q

What does OECD stand for?

A

Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development.

23
Q

What is the OECD’s goals?

A

Improve living standards in developing countries

24
Q

What does IMF stand for?

A

International Monetary Fund

25
Q

What is the IMF?

A

international organization designed to promote economic stability and development

26
Q

What are megaprojects?

A

large-scale projects to develop infrastructure. didn’t really help and caused a lot of pollution

27
Q

What are commodities?

A

goods or services being bought or sold

28
Q

What do SAPs stand for?

A

Structural adjustment programs

29
Q

What are SAPs?

A

programs designed by World Bank and IMF to adjust economies of developing countries as a condition of receiving loans

30
Q

What is bilateral aid?

A

assistance from one country to another

31
Q

What is subsistence farming?

A

form of farming where crops grown are used to feed the farmer/his family, with little or nothing left over to sell or trade

32
Q

What is desertification?

A

spread of desert-like conditions in an area, sometimes caused by human activity.

33
Q

What is UNICEF?

A

United Nations Children’s Fund.

Works to protect children’s rights

34
Q

What is the cycle of poverty?

A

baby born malnourished, development is slowed, poor nutrition & med care, poor performance in school, low literacy level, less chance of earning money, limited diet, poor health, lots of kids but not a lot of jobs, family in debt

35
Q

What is the U5MR?

A

Under-5 mortality rate. UNICEF’s main measure of human development

36
Q

What is ethnic cleansing?

A

elimination of one ethnic group in an area by another

37
Q

What is the PNR?

A

Progress of Nations report, published by UNICEF. About the welfare of children in countries worldwide. Measured risk on a scale of 0-100

38
Q

What is bonded labour?

A

paying off a loan by working.

labourers often work more than their debt is worth

39
Q

What are subsidies?

A

grants from gov’t intended to help people

40
Q

What is the WHO?

A

World Healthy Organization. UN agency that coordinated international health activities, helps gov’t improve health services

41
Q

What is the ILO?

A

International Labour Organization. Worked to eliminate child labour

42
Q

What is the status of women in developing countries?

A

Lower than men, expected to take care of family as well as work

43
Q

What are some diseases that plague the developing world?

A

Chloera, typhoid

44
Q

What is malaria?

A

deadly infectious disease common in tropical climates, transmitted by mosquito

45
Q

What are the major determinants of health?

A

Illteracy & limited education, poverty & inequity, rapid population growth, poor nutrition, lack of food, poor housing, little access to clean water & sanitation, environmental degradation, unhealthy human behaviour, social unrest and armed conflict, no health services, low status of women

46
Q

What does UNESCO stand for?

A

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

47
Q

What IS the UNESCO?

A

UN organization that builds peace, promotes sustainable development through education, sciences, culture, communication, and information

48
Q

What is foreign aid?

A

aid from rich, industrialized countries to developing countries

49
Q

What is the ODA?

A

official development assistance

aid given to developing countries through official gov’t programs to promote economic development and welfare of people

50
Q

What is multilateral aid?

A

aid delivered through international organizations like the UN and World Bank

51
Q

What is tied aid?

A

aid given to foreign country with conditions attached

52
Q

What is the CIDA?

A

Canadian International Development Agency.

Leading agency for helping developing world

53
Q

What are the 6 priority areas of the CIDA?

A

basic human needs, women in development, infrastructure services, human rights, democracy, good gov’, environment

54
Q

What is a criticism of the CIDA?

A

Not sending enough aid to Africa

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