Chapter 12 Head and Neck

Question 0

The pharyngeal apparatus is first observed during week _____ of development.

Answer 0

Week 4

Question 1

Name the 4 components of the embryonic pharyngeal apparatus.

Answer 1

1. Pharyngeal arches

   
   2. Pharyngeal pouches 

   3. Pharyngeal grooves

   4. Pharyngeal membranes

Question 2

There are f______ pharyngeal arches, f_______ pharyngeal pouches, grooves, and membranes.

Answer 2

Five, Four of each.

Question 3

The H____ complex and r__________ acid play a role in the formation of facial features and head and neck formation.

Answer 3

Hox, retanoic acid

Question 4

The pharyngeal arches contain both s_____________ mesoderm and n_________ crest cells. The first gives rise to m__________ and a_____________ including the six primitive aortic arches, the second gives rise to b______ and c_____________ tissue.

Answer 4

Somitomeric
Neural crest
Muscles and arteries
Bone and connective tissue

Question 5

Each of the developing pharyngeal arches has a c__________ n________ associated with it.

Answer 5

Cranial nerve

Question 6

Pharyngeal pouches are invaginations of e____________ while grooves are e___________. Membranes are structures of e__________, m______________, n__________ crest, and e__________ between each arch.

Answer 6

Endoderm
Ectoderm
Endoderm, mesoderm, neural crest, ectoderm

Question 7

The thyroid develops from the e____________ lining of the f___________.

Answer 7

Endodermal, foregut.

Question 8

The t_________ duct connects the tongue and the developing thyroid during caudally directed thyroid migration, but is o___________ in the adult form. The duct is replaced in the adult by the f____________ c_________.

Answer 8

Thyroglossal, obliterated, foramen cecum.

Question 9

The pharyngeal pouches are numbered 1-4, and 6 as the fifth pharyngeal pouch r______________ in humans.

Answer 9

Regresses

Question 10

What are the fates of the pharyngeal pouches by the 5th and 6th week of development?

Answer 10

1. Tubotympanic recess

   
   2. Palatine tonsil and recess

   3. Inferior parathyroid and cervical sinus

   4. Superior parathyroid and ultimibranchial body

Question 11

Name the cranial nerves derived from pharyngeal arches 1-4, 6

Answer 11

1. CN V

   
   2. CN VII 

   3. CN IX

   4. CN X - sup. laryngeal nn
6. CN X - recurrent laryngeal nn

Question 12

Name the adult derivative of the mesodermic tissue of

pharyngeal arch 1

Answer 12

Mm of mastication
Milohyoid mm
Ant. belly digastric mm
Tensor veli palatini mm
Tensor tympani mm

Question 13

Name the adult derivative of the mesodermic tissue of pharyngeal arch 2

Answer 13

Mm of facial expression
Post. belly digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius

Question 14

Name the adult derivative of the mesodermic tissue of pharyngeal arch 3

Answer 14

Stylopharygeus mm
Common carotid aa
Internal carotid aa

Question 15

Name the adult derivative of the mesodermic tissue of pharyngeal arch 4.

Answer 15

Mm of the soft palate (w/o T veli palatini)
Mm of the pharynx (w/o stylopharyngeus)
Cricothyroid mm
Cricopharyngeus mm
Laryngeal cartilages
R. subclavian aa
Arch of the aorta

Question 16

Name the adult derivative of the mesodermic tissue of pharyngeal arch 6

Answer 16

Intrinsic larynx mm    (w/o cricothyroid)
Upper esophagus mm
Laryngeal cartilages
Pulmonary aa
Ductus arterious

Question 17

Name the adult derivative of the neural crest cells of pharyngeal arch 1

Answer 17

R1 and R2:
Maxilla
Mandible
Incus
Malleus 
Zygomatic bone
Squamous temporal bone
Palatine bone
Vomer
Sphenomandibular ligament
Meckel's cartilage

Question 18

Name the adult derivative of the neural crest cells of pharyngeal arch 2

Answer 18

Stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper body of the hyoid bone, and Reichart’s canal

Question 19

Name the adult derivative of the neural crest cells of pharyngeal arch 3

Answer 19

R6 and R7: greater horn and lower body of the hyoid bone

Question 20

Name the adult derivative of the neural crest cells of pharyngeal arch 4

Answer 20

There are none

Question 21

Name the adult derivative of the neural crest cells of pharyngeal arch 6

Answer 21

There are none