Chapter 12: eating disorders Flashcards
what is other specified feeding or eating disorder
individuals with characteristics of one or more eating disorders without meeting full criteria of one specific diagnosis
define anorexia nervosa
starve themselves by going long periods of time with little to no food - convinced they need to lose more weight
have issue with conscious motivation to restrict food intake and body’s need to stay at healthy weight
- have highest mortality rate with highest deaths from ages 16-29 (1/4 suicide and 50% from the eating disorder)
hornbacher- restricting type of anorexia nervosa
dieting, fasting, and/ or excessive exercise as way to prevent weight gain
bing/purge type of anorexia nervos
substantially below health weight usually from binge eating and then inducing ways to remove food from body. believe normal eating is binging
what are some noted differences between restriction AN and binge AN
impulsivity, neurocognitive functioning, emotional regulation, self-regulatory behaviors and brain activity
what are the BMI classifications for anorexia nervous
mild: 18.5-17
moderate: 16-16.99
severe: 15-15.999
extreme: less than 15
onset to remission for Anorexia nervosa depending on gender
women: 7 years
men: 3 years
after 20 years 51-76 percent no longer qualify for diagnosis but still have eating-related problems
those with binge/purge are more likely to also struggle with impulsivity, and self-harming
define bulimia nervosa
uncontrolled eating followed by ways to prevent weight gain such as vomiting, misuse of laxatives, or over exercising
mild: 1-3 episodes per week
more extreme: 14+ per week
usually within 1-2 hrs of eating
to people even amounts around 1,200-2,000 calories may feel like a binge per their own dietary rules they have set for themselves and feel they have no control over eating and need to even when they are not hunger
dont see a distorted image of their body like anorexia nervosa but still do not like their weight and shape
men more likely to use exercise and want a lean muscular look
Binge eating disorder
binging food without the purging that can lead to excessive weight gain and obesity. report eating faster than normal and almost in daze
- usually presents in early adulthood
sub-threshold binge-eating
less frequent episodes usually during adolescent that full disorder is not given. Females usually do not over eat to the defined extent but feel distress and severe loss of control
some risk factors for BED
- weight-based teasing during youth (60% say this occurred to them)
- family history of obesity (psychosocial risk factor)
can have long prevalence between 8-14.4 years
define other specified feeding or eating disorder
eating disorder that causes clinically significant distress but does not meet full criteria (partial syndrome eating disorder would fit in this criteria)
what are some eating disorders that fit within other specified feeding or eating disorder
- partial syndrome (not enough symptoms for full disorder)
-atypical anorexia nervosa (meet anorexia nervosa criteria but weight is still within or above normal range) and can still experience medical complications associated with AN - bulimia of low frequency/ limited duration (behavior occurs once a week on average and/ or less than 3 months)
-night eating disorder: regularly eat excessive amounts of food after dinner and into the night feel they cannot control their behavior
what are the role of genes in obesity
impact number of fat cells and likelihood of fat storage, tendency to overeat, and activity level in brain in response to food.
define obesity
BMI of 30 or over now roughly 40% of adults in US are considered obese and do not meet recommended daily exercise of 30 minutes and eat highly addictive fast foods
how to help loose weight (obesity)
diet change and exercise
-BMI 30-39: low calories diets usually prepackaged so they know correct portions
BMI 40 and over: bariatric surgery
biological factors around eating disorders
-genetic component to risk of eating disorders in general not just a specific type
- possible hormones at puberty for girls
role of hypothalamus in eating
regulates hunger, satiety, etc. receives messages about the body’s recent food consumption and tells when to stop eating usually using neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine or hormones like cortisol and insulin
how dysfunction of hypothalamus relates to anorexia nervosa
lower functioning and abnormalities in serotonin and dopamine have been found in those with AN
role of dopamine AN
regulate motor activity, feeding behaviors and reinforcement/reward learning (found altered reward area for brain in those with AN)
social pressures and cultural norms as part of eating disorders
across time eating disorders have changed with what are the beauty standards for women during that time and their culture. media shown in culture easily illustrates what society deems is appropriate and desired body image
- social media: constantly looking at photos of others with thousands of them being thin and making symptoms worse because of constant comparison
- thin ideal and body dissatisfaction: higher body dissatisfaction with increased viewing of thin body ideals
-if friends are struggles and are dissatisfied with their body more likely others around them will be too
what neurotransmitter has been found deficient in those with bulimia
serotonin and can lead to body’s craving of carbs which is usually what individuals will binge
what is the strongest predictor of eating disorder in young women
body dissatisfaction from pressure of being thin seen everywhere
what common sports have the pressure of body image as well
gymnastics, ice skating, dancing, horse racing, wrestling, and bodybuilding, diving
- women felt they had a decreased competitive edge after puberty and needed to change this
