Chapter 12 Earth's Ocean Flashcards

To remember the vocabulary in Science

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1
Q

the amount of salt in water

A

salinity

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2
Q

the downward push of water

A

water pressure

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3
Q

small submarines that scientist use to study the ocean

A

submersibles

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4
Q

ocean floor : the part of the ocean floor that drops gently near the land&raquo_space;» it extends from the edge of the continent into the ocean»» the depth increases gradually

A

continental shelf
depth : 140 m
width : 1.6 km - 1,200 km

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5
Q

ocean floor : the part of the ocean floor that slopes steeply

A

continental slope

drops steeply : 3000 m

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6
Q

ocean floor : the part of the ocean floor that slopes steeply&raquo_space;» it comes after the continental slope

A

continental rise

drops down below the ocean floor : 4000m

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7
Q

ocean floor : the largest area of the ocean floor&raquo_space;» flat&raquo_space;» covered by thick layers of sediment

A

abyssal plains
depth : 4500 m
not completely flat : can have mountain ridges, volcanoes, and deep trenches

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8
Q

coral island

A

atoll

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9
Q

an area of shallow water

A

lagoon

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10
Q

the up-and-down movement of surface water

A

wave

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11
Q

the bottom of the wave slows the most, so the top moves ahead of the bottom. when the top gets far enough ahead, the wave falls over or ______

A

breaks

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12
Q

the great energy of an earthquake or a volcanic eruption can produce a wave called _______

A

tsunami

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13
Q

the mound of water that pushes onto shore in a hurricane is called a _____ _____.

A

storm surge

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14
Q

a stream of water that flows like a river through the ocean

A

current

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15
Q

large currents in the open ocean

A

surface currents

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16
Q

a current that flows along the shore»» it carries swimmers away from the place where they entered the water

A

longshore current

17
Q

a kind of current that carry water away from the beach»» water on either side of them flows toward the shore&raquo_space;»it can flow faster than 2.4 m/sec

A

rip currents

18
Q

a change in the weather patterns over the Pacific Ocean

A

El Niño

19
Q

the rise and fall in the water level of the ocean

A

tide

20
Q

the area where the ocean and the land meet and interact

A

shore

21
Q

when soft rock is worn away, the hard rock left behind may form a point of land called ________

A

headland

22
Q

the waves may cut all the way through the rock, making a hole in the rockcalled a ___ ____

A

sea arch

23
Q

a temporary pool of ocean water

A

tide pool

24
Q

when a river flows into the ocean, an _______ forms»»it is rich in plant and animal life»» many kinds of fish breed in this

A

estuary

25
Q

the process of replacing sand

A

beach retoration

  • not permanent
  • can cost millions of dollars
26
Q

a wall like structure that sticks out into the ocean

  • a structure that is used to block currents and prevent the loss of sand
  • built of large rocks
A

jetty

27
Q

a man-made reef

A

artificial reef

28
Q

cracks in the ocean floor that releases hot water and minerals into the ocean

A

hydrothermal vents