Chapter 12 Drugs to Know Flashcards
Aspirin (emergency)
Antiplatelet drug - used for heart attacks (emergency use) - chew two 325 mg tablets w/water and call for help!
Aspirin (maintenance)
antiplatelet drug - one baby aspiring per day 81 mg for maintenance therapy in those at risk
clopidogrel (Plavix)
antiplatelet drug - Plavix - big selling, high $$ drug that inhibits platelets and helps prevent stroke and recurrent MI
nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
nitrate - Nitrostat, nitroglycerin paste, Transderm-Nitro, etc. - vasodilator that improves coronary blood flow
isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
nitrate - vasodilator that improves coronary blood flow
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
diuretic - HCTZ - low ceiling thiazide diuretic used in the treatment of HTN
furosemide (Lasix)
diuretic - a high-ceiling loop diuretic used in the treatment of CHF
propranolol (Inderal)
B-blocker, negative chronotropic effects
metoprolol (Lopressor)
B-blocker, negative chronotropic effect
carvedilol (Coreg)
B-blocker, negative chronotropic effect
captopril (Capoten)
ACE-I
enalapril (Vasotec)
ACE-I
losartan (Cozaar)
Angiotensin II rc blocker, drugs that end in -sartan
verapamil (Calan)
Calcium channel blocker
renin
secreted by the kidneys, endogenous hormones affected by some of these drugs
angiotensin II
a product produced downstream from renin release - endogenous hormones affected by some of these drugs
aldosterone
a hormone of the adrenal glands secreted further downstream from renin and angiotensin II - endogenous hormones affected by some of these drugs
ACE-I, ARB’s, B-blockers, and CCB’s
combination drugs used for HTN, can all be combined with a mild diuretic like HCTZ, or with one another. Names like “Capozide” denote combination of Capoten (captopril) and a mild diuretic (if not HTCZ itself, a thiazide diuretic very much like it
hydralazine (Apresoline)
an “old time” drug, mostly an arterial vasodilator
BiDil
the “race-based” combination that contains hydralazine and a nitroglycerine compound (isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine)
minoxidil
vasodilator used as a hair regrowth medication and is marketed as Rogaine
digitalis
cardiac glycoside with positive inotropic action
digoxin (Lanoxin)
cardiac glycoside with positive inotropic action
dopamine/dobutamine
NOT cardiac glycoside, they are sympathetic agonists that also increase the strength of heart contraction (positive inotropy and positive chronotropy) in the same manner that epinephrine does
atropine
anticholinergic prototype that will “lyse” the parasympathetic nervous system (and thus acts as positive chronotrope) - is used to treat slow heart rates (bradycardia)
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lipid lowering drug, the “statins”
simvastatin (Zocor)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lipid lowering drug, the “statins”
cholestyramine (Questran)
a binding resin, the drug is “inert” - it is neither digested nor absorbed into the bloodstream. it binds things in the gut and comes out the gut. - lipid lowering drug
Omega-3 fatty acid
lipid lowering drug, found in fish
vitamin B3 niacin (Niaspin)
Niaspin - the long acting formulation approved specifically to help lower triglyceride levels - lipid lowering drug
morphine
used to treat the pain of a heart attack
high-potassium cardioplegia solution
injected into the heart to induce cardiac arrest during open heart surgery
