Chapter 12 Drugs to Know

Question 1

Aspirin (emergency)

Answer 1

Antiplatelet drug - used for heart attacks (emergency use) - chew two 325 mg tablets w/water and call for help!

Question 2

Aspirin (maintenance)

Answer 2

antiplatelet drug - one baby aspiring per day 81 mg for maintenance therapy in those at risk

Question 3

clopidogrel (Plavix)

Answer 3

antiplatelet drug - Plavix - big selling, high $$ drug that inhibits platelets and helps prevent stroke and recurrent MI

Question 4

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)

Answer 4

nitrate - Nitrostat, nitroglycerin paste, Transderm-Nitro, etc. - vasodilator that improves coronary blood flow

Question 5

isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)

Answer 5

nitrate - vasodilator that improves coronary blood flow

Question 6

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Answer 6

diuretic - HCTZ - low ceiling thiazide diuretic used in the treatment of HTN

Question 7

furosemide (Lasix)

Answer 7

diuretic - a high-ceiling loop diuretic used in the treatment of CHF

Question 8

propranolol (Inderal)

Answer 8

B-blocker, negative chronotropic effects

Question 9

metoprolol (Lopressor)

Answer 9

B-blocker, negative chronotropic effect

Question 10

carvedilol (Coreg)

Answer 10

B-blocker, negative chronotropic effect

Question 11

captopril (Capoten)

Answer 11

ACE-I

Question 12

enalapril (Vasotec)

Answer 12

ACE-I

Question 13

losartan (Cozaar)

Answer 13

Angiotensin II rc blocker, drugs that end in -sartan

Question 14

verapamil (Calan)

Answer 14

Calcium channel blocker

Question 15

renin

Answer 15

secreted by the kidneys, endogenous hormones affected by some of these drugs

Question 16

angiotensin II

Answer 16

a product produced downstream from renin release - endogenous hormones affected by some of these drugs

Question 17

aldosterone

Answer 17

a hormone of the adrenal glands secreted further downstream from renin and angiotensin II - endogenous hormones affected by some of these drugs

Question 18

ACE-I, ARB’s, B-blockers, and CCB’s

Answer 18

combination drugs used for HTN, can all be combined with a mild diuretic like HCTZ, or with one another. Names like “Capozide” denote combination of Capoten (captopril) and a mild diuretic (if not HTCZ itself, a thiazide diuretic very much like it

Question 19

hydralazine (Apresoline)

Answer 19

an “old time” drug, mostly an arterial vasodilator

Question 20

BiDil

Answer 20

the “race-based” combination that contains hydralazine and a nitroglycerine compound (isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine)

Question 21

minoxidil

Answer 21

vasodilator used as a hair regrowth medication and is marketed as Rogaine

Question 22

digitalis

Answer 22

cardiac glycoside with positive inotropic action

Question 23

digoxin (Lanoxin)

Answer 23

cardiac glycoside with positive inotropic action

Question 24

dopamine/dobutamine

Answer 24

NOT cardiac glycoside, they are sympathetic agonists that also increase the strength of heart contraction (positive inotropy and positive chronotropy) in the same manner that epinephrine does

Question 25

atropine

Answer 25

anticholinergic prototype that will “lyse” the parasympathetic nervous system (and thus acts as positive chronotrope) - is used to treat slow heart rates (bradycardia)

Question 26

atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Answer 26

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lipid lowering drug, the “statins”

Question 27

simvastatin (Zocor)

Answer 27

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lipid lowering drug, the “statins”

Question 28

cholestyramine (Questran)

Answer 28

a binding resin, the drug is “inert” - it is neither digested nor absorbed into the bloodstream. it binds things in the gut and comes out the gut. - lipid lowering drug

Question 29

Omega-3 fatty acid

Answer 29

lipid lowering drug, found in fish

Question 30

vitamin B3 niacin (Niaspin)

Answer 30

Niaspin - the long acting formulation approved specifically to help lower triglyceride levels - lipid lowering drug

Question 31

morphine

Answer 31

used to treat the pain of a heart attack

Question 32

high-potassium cardioplegia solution

Answer 32

injected into the heart to induce cardiac arrest during open heart surgery