Chapter 18 Drugs to Know Flashcards
ethyl alcohol (liquor)
the most widely used anxiolytic, the “social lubricant” for the world; antianxiety drug
opioid
historical use (opium dens), the tincture of opium called laudanum; antianxiety drug
Veronal (barbital)
phenobarbital for seizures; barbiturates - historical use, named after the most “beautiful/peacful city in the world”; antianxiety drug
Miltown (meprobamate)
carbamate drug; the first blockbuster psychotic drug in U.S. history, it was the best selling anxiolytic for a time
anxiolytics
antianxiety drugs
Quaalude (methaqualone)
the “ludes”, brief fling in the 1960s - 70s; “luding out” came to an end when it became a schedule I drug in 1984; antianxiety drug
diazepam (Valium)
the prototype - but not made int he hockey puck size; benzodiazepine - still a widely used group of drugs; antianxiety drug
Xanax (alprazolam)
more commonly prescribed nowadays; benzodiazepine - still a widely used group of drugs; antianxiety drug; sedative hypnotic - used to treat social phobias, OCD, addictive compulsions, & PTSD
Versed (midazolam)
usually administered I.V.; benzodiazepine - still a widely used group of drugs; antianxiety drug
antihistamine
some first generation antiH1 drugs have good anxiolytic properties; antianxiety drug
hydroxyzine
Vistaril, Atarax - antianxiety drug (anxiolytic)
herbal antianxiety remedies
valerian root, kava kava, camomile tea, St. Johns Wort. AND medical marijuana (pot)
Dilantin (phenytoin)
hydantoin drug; antiseizure drug
antiseizure drugs
used for treating Epilepsy and other types of seizure disorders
Tegretol (carbamazepine)
sodium channel stabilizer drug; antiseizure drug
phenobarbital
barbituate; used as a back up oral drug to Dilantil and Tegretol; antiseizure drug
Pentothal (thiopental)
barbituate; an I.V. drug that will stop an acute seizure; antiseizure drug
Versed (midazolam)
benzodiazepine; better than Valium in this situation because it can be given I.M. as well as I.V., plus down an endotracheal tube if need be; used for emergency I.V. control of seizures; antiseizure drug
amitriptyline (Elavil)
TCA; prototype of this group of older drugs; not used much for depression, but still used for pain management; antidepressants for “regular depression” (unipolar)
TCAs
for our purposes, includes the tricyclic and tetracyclic drugs
MAOI antidepressants
used in many different conditions - depression, pain, anxiety, psychosis; antidepressant for “regular (unipolar) depression”
Prozac (fluoxetine)
the first SSRI antidepressant; for regular (unipolar) depression & bipolar (manic) depression
Paxil (paroxetine)
SSRI antidepressant for regular (unipolar) depression & bipolar (manic) depression
Zoloft (sertraline)
SSRI antidepressant for regular (unipolar) depression & bipolar (manic) depression
Cymbalta (duloxetine)
SNRI antidepressant; still heavily advertised on TV; used for regular (unipolar) depression
Lithobid
lithium; long acting formulation; one of the first drugs with efficacy for this disease and is still used quite commonly today; used to treat bipolar depression (manic)
manic depression
bipolar depression
Abilify (aripiprazole)
atypical antipsychotic for bipolar depression
Risperdal (risperidone)
atypical antipsychotic for bipolar depression; used with fairly good success in treating bipolar disease.
Prozac, Paxil, & Zoloft (SSRI’s)
antidepressants, the most widely used drugs for treating these maladies - drugs to treat social phobias, OCD, addictive compulsions, & PTSD
Cymbalta (SNRI’s)
antidepressants, the most widely used drugs for treating these maladies - drugs to treat social phobias, OCD, addictive compulsions & PTSD
Inderal
beta-blocker used to treat social phobias, OCD, addictive compulsions, & PTSD
Haldol (haloperidol)
typical antipsychotic used in 1970-1990s
chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
the prototype in this group, first used in 1950s; typical antipsychotic
risperidone (Risperdal)
one of the newer drugs; the most commonly used antipsychotic in the US today; atypical antipsychotic
atypical antipsychotic
“atypical” because they do not cause some of the same extrapyramidal side effects as the Thorazine-like drugs
secobarbital (Seconal)
insomnia; not used much anymore as sleep aids; barbituate - historical use
triazolam (Halcion)
has a very short T1/2, but it’s not used much anymore because the nonbenzodiazepines and new melatonin receptor agonist drugs are currently in favor; insomnia; benzodiazepine - usually the short acting ones
Ambien (zolpidem)
insomnia; nonbenzodiazepine
Lunesta (eszopiclone)
insomnia; nonbenzodiazepine
Rozerem (ramelteon)
insomnia; melatonin rc agonists; the “latest-greatest” drug for insomnia which they claim is non habit forming
OTC insomnia drug
these are mostly combinations of first generation antihistamines (which cross the blood brain barrier and cause sedation), sometimes mixed with other drugs like melatonin, or alcohol
NyQuil
OTC drug which causes sedation
melatonin
herbal remedy - the body’s own natural hormone to treat insomnia
Herbal remedies for insomnia
Valerian root, Chamomile tea, lemon balm, & many others
Ritalin (methylphenidate)
schedule II drug that have high abuse potential; speed up the mind in most people but slow down the brain in people with ADHD; stimulant
mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall)
schedule II drug that has high abuse potential - speeds up brains up most people but slows down the brain in people with ADHD; stimulant
