Chapter 12 - DNA and RNA

Question 1

New DNA is replicated in strands complementary to old DNA because production of new DNA follows the rules of (blank)

Answer 1

base pairing

Question 2

The length of a bacterium’s DNA may be 1000 times the length of the cell within which it is contained. Suggest an explination for how this can occur.

Answer 2

The twisting and the coiling of the DNA strands allows it to take up a smaller amount of space within the bacterium.

Question 3

List the following in the right order:
DNA polymerase polymerizes nucleotides that have attached to the template; DNA molecule “unzips” and the two strands unwind; DNA polymerase proofreads the new strands; Unwound strands of DNA serve as templates for new DNA

Answer 3

Unwound strands of DNA serve as templates for new DNA; DNA molecule “unzips” the two strands unwind; DNA polymerase polymerizes nucleotides that have attached to the template; DNA polymerase proofreads the new strands

Question 4

At the end of DNA replication, (blank) new strands of DNA have been produced, giving a total of (blank) strands of DNA

Answer 4

Two/Four

Question 5

Who concluded that the genetic material of a bacteriophage is DNA?

Answer 5

Hershey and Chase

Question 6

Who concluded that DNA was the factor that caused one bacterium to transform into another?

Answer 6

Avery

Question 7

Who concluded that bacteria could be transformed from harmless to disease-causing by an unknown factor?

Answer 7

Griffith

Question 8

The structure of a DNA molecule can be described as a (blank)

Answer 8

Double Helix

Question 9

During DNA replication, the DNA molecule (blanks) into two strands

Answer 9

Separates

Question 10

The structure of DNA was discovered by (blank) and (blank)

Answer 10

Watson/Crick

Question 11

Hydrogen bonds are between what?

Answer 11

the nitrogen bases

Question 12

A phosphate, five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base is called a what?

Answer 12

A nucleotide

Question 13

swirly part of the DNA is called the what?

Answer 13

sugar-phosphate backbone

Question 14

Explain the ladder analogy

Answer 14

Rungs are the nitrogen bases

the sides are the sugar-phosphate backbones

Question 15

Explain the copier analogy

Answer 15

I’m too lazy to type right now, so just say the answer out loud. You know it already.
I’m proud of you.
:)

Question 16

Use Chagraff’s rules to determine the approximate percentage of thymine in a DNA molecule if 28% is adenine.

Answer 16

28%

Question 17

Read the powerpoint packet

Answer 17

no answer to that, silly

;P

Question 18

Describe the location, steps, and end product(s) of prokaryotic DNA replication

Answer 18

1. regulatory proteins bind to a single point
2. S phase is triggered and DNA replication begins
3. 2 identical DNA molecules

Question 19

Describe the location, steps, and end product(s) in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 19

1. replication occurs at dozens to 100’s of points
2. replication proceeds in two directions
3. produces 2 identical DNA molecules