Chapter 1.2 (Democratic and Non-Democratic Government) Flashcards
Define democracy.
A democracy is a political system where all people are treated equally and these people elect members, through free and fair elections, to make decisions on their behalf in parliament.
What are the five key features of a modern democratic society?
The five key features of a modern democratic society are: • Free and fair elections • Representative parliaments • Accountable executives • Open participation • A just and equitable legal system
Define liberal democracy.
A liberal democracy is a system of government where there is rule by the people, through majority rule, and protection of human rights.
What are the four operating principles of a liberal democracy?
- Equality of political rights
- Majority rule
- Political participation
- Political freedom
Explain equality of political rights.
The judiciary ensures natural justice and blind justice for all. This is exercised through all people having the right to a fair trial, everyone being treated equally before the law, and having an impartial judge and jury. Also, having compulsory voting ensures all parts of society are represented and have a say.
Explain majority rule.
Democracies are governed by majority rule. The side with the most voted wins, meaning it is the will of a majority of people for the governing party to have power. For a bill to be passed, a majority vote is required in both houses of parliament and referendums require a double majority.
Explain political participation.
People have the right to participate in the legal system. Examples of this include the right to vote and the right to petition. Freedom of speech and being allowed to speak against the government, without fear of persecution, are also rights enjoyed by citizens of a liberal democracy.
Explain political freedom.
This is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of individuals by the use of coercion or aggression. This means that people act of their own accord without being forced by the government. For example, people have freedom of assembly and can join whichever political party they choose.
What is an absolute monarchy?
An absolute monarchy is where all legal power rests in the decisions of an unelected monarch who holds office on the basis of hereditary entitlement.
What is an aristocracy?
An aristocracy is a political and legal system in which legal power is held by an elite section of society, known as aristocrats.
What is an oligarchy?
An oligarchy is a political system where power is held by a few powerful elites within a society.
What is an autocracy?
An autocracy is a system where legal power is exercised by an autocrat, who unilaterally decides the laws and social direction of that country.
Define authoritarian.
Authoritarian rulers have total political and legal power and use violence to maintain control.
What is a totalitarian system?
In a totalitarian system, rulers enforce absolute obedience and seek to create absolute social control over all citizens. They repress all opposition and terrorise society through the use of secret police.
