Chapter 12: Conceptual & Philosophical Bases Of Nursing Flashcards
Define logic.
Logic is the study of proper and improper methods of reasoning.
Define epistemology.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge itself.
Define aesthetics.
Aesthetics is the study of what is beautiful.
Define ethics.
Ethics is the study of standards of conduct.
Define bioethics.
Bioethics is the study of biological standards of conduct.
Define politics.
Politics is the study of the regulation and control of people living in society.
Define metaphysics.
Metaphysics is the study of the ultimate nature of existence, reality, human experience, and the universe.
Whose philosophy involve a hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
Whose philosophy involved adaptation?
Carl Rogers
Whose philosophy involved transcultural nursing?
Madeleine Leininger
Which national health initiative involved a health promotion framework?
Healthy people 2010
Whose philosophy involves self-efficacy?
Albert Bandura
Whose philosophy involved the health belief model?
Rosenstock
List the 5 components of systems.
1: Input
2: Throughput
3: Output
4: Evaluation
5: Feedback
Define input.
Input is the raw material, such as information, energy, or matter, that enters a system and is transformed by it. Input should contribute to achieving the purpose of the system.
Define throughput.
Throughput consists of the processes the system uses two convert raw materials into a form that can be used, either by the system itself about environment or suprasystem.
Define output.
Output is the end result or product of the system. Outputs vary widely, depending on the type and purpose of the system.
Define evaluation.
Evaluation means measuring the success or failure of the output and consequentially the effectiveness of the system. Outcome criteria must be identified.
Define feedback.
Feedback is the information given back into the system to determine whether or not the purpose, or end result, of the system has been achieved.
What does an open system do?
An open system promotes the exchange of matter, energy, and information with other systems and environment.
How does a close system operate?
A closed system does not interact with the other systems or with the surrounding environment. Matter, energy, and information do not flow into or out of a close system. [There are a few totally closed systems.]
When does synergy occur within a medical system?
Synergy occurs when all the very subsystems and people who compose them collaborate to work with patients and their families.
Define system.
A set of interrelated parts that come together to form a hole that performs a function.
Internal stability is a simple definition of what term?
Homeostasis
Define environment.
All of the circumstances, influences, and conditions that surround and affect individuals, families, and groups.
Define culture.
The attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of social and ethnic groups that have been perpetuated through generations.
Define health.
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Define high-level wellness.
Functioning at maximum potential in an integrated way within the environment
Define health behavior.
Choices and habitual actions that promote or diminish health, such as eating habits, frequency of exercise, use of tobacco products and alcohol, sexual practices, and adequacy of rest and sleep.
True or false:
Patients are more likely to adopt health-related behaviors such as non-smoking and maintaining a healthy weight when the caregiver promoting these behaviors also engages in them.
True
True or false:
All living systems are open systems.
True
True or false:
The whole is equal to the sum of its parts.
False
True or false:
Change in one part of the system always creates change in the other parts.
True
