Chapter 12: Conceptual & Philosophical Bases Of Nursing

Question 0

Define logic.

Answer 0

Logic is the study of proper and improper methods of reasoning.

Question 1

Define epistemology.

Answer 1

Epistemology is the study of knowledge itself.

Question 2

Define aesthetics.

Answer 2

Aesthetics is the study of what is beautiful.

Question 3

Define ethics.

Answer 3

Ethics is the study of standards of conduct.

Question 4

Define bioethics.

Answer 4

Bioethics is the study of biological standards of conduct.

Question 5

Define politics.

Answer 5

Politics is the study of the regulation and control of people living in society.

Question 6

Define metaphysics.

Answer 6

Metaphysics is the study of the ultimate nature of existence, reality, human experience, and the universe.

Question 7

Whose philosophy involve a hierarchy of needs?

Answer 7

Abraham Maslow

Question 8

Whose philosophy involved adaptation?

Answer 8

Carl Rogers

Question 9

Whose philosophy involved transcultural nursing?

Answer 9

Madeleine Leininger

Question 10

Which national health initiative involved a health promotion framework?

Answer 10

Healthy people 2010

Question 11

Whose philosophy involves self-efficacy?

Answer 11

Albert Bandura

Question 12

Whose philosophy involved the health belief model?

Answer 12

Rosenstock

Question 13

List the 5 components of systems.

Answer 13

1: Input
2: Throughput
3: Output
4: Evaluation
5: Feedback

Question 14

Define input.

Answer 14

Input is the raw material, such as information, energy, or matter, that enters a system and is transformed by it. Input should contribute to achieving the purpose of the system.

Question 15

Define throughput.

Answer 15

Throughput consists of the processes the system uses two convert raw materials into a form that can be used, either by the system itself about environment or suprasystem.

Question 16

Define output.

Answer 16

Output is the end result or product of the system. Outputs vary widely, depending on the type and purpose of the system.

Question 17

Define evaluation.

Answer 17

Evaluation means measuring the success or failure of the output and consequentially the effectiveness of the system. Outcome criteria must be identified.

Question 18

Define feedback.

Answer 18

Feedback is the information given back into the system to determine whether or not the purpose, or end result, of the system has been achieved.

Question 19

What does an open system do?

Answer 19

An open system promotes the exchange of matter, energy, and information with other systems and environment.

Question 20

How does a close system operate?

Answer 20

A closed system does not interact with the other systems or with the surrounding environment. Matter, energy, and information do not flow into or out of a close system. [There are a few totally closed systems.]

Question 21

When does synergy occur within a medical system?

Answer 21

Synergy occurs when all the very subsystems and people who compose them collaborate to work with patients and their families.

Question 22

Define system.

Answer 22

A set of interrelated parts that come together to form a hole that performs a function.

Question 23

Internal stability is a simple definition of what term?

Answer 23

Homeostasis

Question 24

Define environment.

Answer 24

All of the circumstances, influences, and conditions that surround and affect individuals, families, and groups.

Question 25

Define culture.

Answer 25

The attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of social and ethnic groups that have been perpetuated through generations.

Question 26

Define health.

Answer 26

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 27

Define high-level wellness.

Answer 27

Functioning at maximum potential in an integrated way within the environment

Question 28

Define health behavior.

Answer 28

Choices and habitual actions that promote or diminish health, such as eating habits, frequency of exercise, use of tobacco products and alcohol, sexual practices, and adequacy of rest and sleep.

Question 29

True or false:
Patients are more likely to adopt health-related behaviors such as non-smoking and maintaining a healthy weight when the caregiver promoting these behaviors also engages in them.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or false:

All living systems are open systems.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

True or false:

The whole is equal to the sum of its parts.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

True or false:

Change in one part of the system always creates change in the other parts.

Answer 32

True