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Biology > Chapter 12- Circulatory System > Flashcards

Chapter 12- Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the function of the circulatory system

A

acts as a transport service for the cells and maintains body temperature

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2
Q

what does the circulatory system include

A

blood, heart and blood vessels

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3
Q

what do Arteries do

A

carries away blood

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4
Q

what do veins do

A

carry blood back to the heart

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5
Q

what does the circulatory system transport

A

Nutrients, Hormones, Gases, and Wastes

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6
Q

how many times does the the heart beat per minute

A

70

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7
Q

Heart is surrounded by a tough epithelial membrane

A

Pericardium

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8
Q

a fluid which helps to reduce friction when the heart beats

A

secretes

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9
Q

muscle that divides that heart into two sides

A

septum

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10
Q

flaps of tissues that open in only one direction to direct blood flow

A

Valves

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11
Q

what are the four types of valves

A

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral and aortic

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12
Q

S-A node

A

Sinoatrial Node

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13
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A

a small body of specialized muscle fibers, located in the right atrium of the heart, whose activity is responsible for beginning the heartbeat.

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14
Q

what do the the sinoatrial nodes send

A

electrical impulses

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15
Q

pacemaker

A

a small device used to treat some arrhythmias

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16
Q

arrhythmias

A

or irregular heartbeat, is a problem with the rate or rhythm of your heartbeat

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17
Q

to connect the electrical systems of the atria and the ventricles, providing electrical impedance from the atria and an intrinsic pacemaker in its absence.

A

atrioventricular

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18
Q

is the force the blood exerts on the walls of the arteries

A

blood pressure

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19
Q

what are the two blood pressure measurements

A

Systolic/ Systole and Diastolic

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20
Q

the pressure created when the ventricles contract

A

Systolic

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21
Q

the pressure remaining when the ventricles relax

A

diastolic

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22
Q

a condition of high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

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23
Q

what is the normal blood pressure for males

A

120/80

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24
Q

what is the normal blood pressure of a female

A

110/70

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25
Q

are made of three layers and are elastic and strong

A

arteries

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26
Q

thinner than arteries

A

veins

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27
Q

less pressure than arteries

A

veins

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28
Q

have valves to prevent backflow

A

veins

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29
Q

carry blood towards heart

A

veins

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30
Q

one cell thick

A

capillaries

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31
Q

blood vessel where materials are exchanged (occurs in all tissues)

A

capillaries

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32
Q

what is the function of the respiratory system

A

exchange gases with the blood

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33
Q

what do cells receive

A

oxygen O2

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34
Q

what do cells get rid of

A

CO2

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35
Q

exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood

A

external respiration

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36
Q

exchange of gases between the blood and the cells

A

internal respiration

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37
Q

Site of external respiration

A

Lungs

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38
Q

how many lobes does the right lung

A

3

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39
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2

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40
Q

what lines the lungs

A

pleural membrane

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41
Q

what does the pleural membrane do

A

secretes a fluid to help reduce friction

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42
Q

nasal cavity

A

The space inside the nose

43
Q

pharynx

A

serves both the respiratory and digestive systems by receiving air from the nasal cavity and air, food, and water from the oral cavity.

44
Q

epiglottis

A

a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.

45
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

46
Q

Bronchioles

A

any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides.

47
Q

bronchus

A

any of the major air passages of the lungs which diverge from the windpipe.

48
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs

49
Q

Gas exchange in the alveoli occurs primarily by

A

diffusion

50
Q

how goes gas exchange happened

A

blood gives off carbon dioxide through the capillary wall into the alveoli and takes up oxygen from air in the alveoli

51
Q

why does gas exchange happen quickly

A

b/c of 300 million + alveoli

52
Q

what do 300 million + alveoli create

A

create a large surface area

53
Q

what do concentration gradients control

A

movement of gases

54
Q

Diaphragm contracts

A

inhale

55
Q

Diaphragm relaxes

A

exhale

56
Q

what is Diaphragm contraction and relaxation (inhaling and exhaling) controlled by

A

brain stem

57
Q

what is monitor

A

level of CO2 in the blood

58
Q

what does too much CO2 do

A

triggers the brain to make the diaphragm to contract faster

59
Q

TLC

A

Total Lung Capacity

60
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

the amount of air in the lungs after deep inhalation, the vital capacity plus the residual volume

61
Q

RV

A

Residual Volume

62
Q

Residual Volume

A

the amount of air left in the lungs after a deep exhalation

63
Q

VC

A

vital capacity

64
Q

vital capacity

A

the amount of air exhaled in one breath, the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaling as much as possible

65
Q

Tidal Lung Capacity

A

the amount of air yours lungs hold during normal breathing, the amount of air moved in and out the body in one breathe

66
Q

What is the 1st step in the path of blood starting with the Right Atrium

A

Deoxygenated blood enter right atrium from Vena Cava from the body

67
Q

What is the 2nd step in the path of blood starting with the Right Atrium

A

it moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle

68
Q

What is the 3rd step in the path of blood starting with the Right Atrium

A

Right Ventricle to Pulmonary arteries

69
Q

What is the 4th step in the path of blood starting with the Right Atrium

A

The Pulmonary arteries send blood to lungs to get oxygen.

70
Q

What is the 5th step in the path of blood starting with the Right Atrium

A

Lungs to left atrium through the pulmonary veins

71
Q

What is the 6th step in the path of blood starting with the Right Atrium

A

Left atrium to left ventric

72
Q

What is the 7th step in the path of blood starting with the Right Atrium

A

left ventricle sends blood through the aorta to the blood

73
Q

when is BP highest

A

when it is leaving the heart through the aorta

74
Q

how does blood affect the body temp

A

blood perfusion through the vessels in the skin surface constantly adjusts to the skin temperature

75
Q

what is the function of the circulatory system

A

helps tissues get enough oxygen and nutrients, and it helps them get rid of waste products.

76
Q

what is the function of the pericardium

A

lubrication to reduce friction between the heart and the surrounding structures

77
Q

what is the purpose of your heart have valves

A

prevent the backward flow of blood.

78
Q

what is the purpose of veins having valves

A

prevent backflow

79
Q

what is the purpose of arteries having valves

A

do not have valves

80
Q

what are your three blood vessels

A

Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries

81
Q

Arteries

A

largest/ carry blood way

82
Q

what supplies heart with blood

A

Coronary artery

83
Q

Veins

A

Thinner/ carry poor oxygenated blood the heart (have valves)

84
Q

Capillaries

A

One cell thick/ where materials are exchanged

85
Q

what does pulmonary refer to

A

the lungs

86
Q

what veins don’t carry poor blood back to the heart

A

Pulmonary veins

87
Q

how does the heart contract

A

electrical signals start in the right atrium (where the natural pacemaker is)

88
Q

where is the natural pacemaker

A

right atrium

89
Q

S-A Node

A

Sinoatrial Node

90
Q

Sinoatrial Node

A

a small body of specialized muscle fibers, located in the right atrium of the heart, whose activity is responsible for initiating the heartbeat.

91
Q

A-V Node

A

Atrioventricular Node

92
Q

Atrioventricular Node

A

It transmits the heart’s electrical signal from the atrium to the ventricle, optimizes the coordination of each heartbeat, and, if atrial fibrillation occurs, protects the ventricles from being bombarded with a dangerous number of electrical signals.

93
Q

systolic/ systole

A

measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats

94
Q

diastole

A

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.

95
Q

hyper

A

too high

96
Q

hypo

A

too low

97
Q

external respiration

A

gases between atmosphere and blood

98
Q

internal respiration

A

gases between the blood and the cells

99
Q

pleural membrane

A

in the lungs / a serous membrane that folds back on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac. (reduces friction)

100
Q

Tidal Lung Capacity

A

300 mL

101
Q

Vital lung capacity

A

4800 mL

102
Q

Residual lung capacity

A

1200 mL

103
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

6000 mL

Biology (2 decks)

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