Chapter 11 Intro to Human Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 types of tissues
A
Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, and Connective
2
Q
what are Muscle, Nervous, Epithelial, and Connective
A
4 types of tissue
3
Q
Made of cells that contract
- Take coordination by the cells
A
Muscular tissues
4
Q
What are the three types of muscular tissues
A
Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
5
Q
What are Muscular tissues made of
A
Cells that contract
6
Q
what are skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
A
the three types of muscular tissues
7
Q
moves bones and is voluntary
A
skeletal
8
Q
what does skeletal muscular tissues do
A
moves bones and is voluntary
9
Q
Involuntary functions such as breathing and digestion
A
smooth
10
Q
what does smooth muscular tissue do
A
Involuntary functions such as breathing and digestion
11
Q
muscle of the heart and involuntary movement
A
Cardiac muscles
12
Q
what are Cardiac muscles
A
muscles of the heart and involuntary movement
13
Q
Contains cells that receive and transmit messages in the form of electrical impulse
A
neurons
14
Q
can change in the internal or external environment, movement, pain, etc.
A
Neurons
15
Q
Made of layers of cells that line or cover all internal and external body surface
A
Epithelial Tissue
16
Q
Cells are tightly bound together to provide protection
A
Epithelial Tissue
17
Q
Layers are found in various thickness depending on needs
A
Epithelial Tissue
18
Q
Binds, support, and protects structures in the body
A
Connective tissue
19
Q
It’s the most abundant and diverse type of tissues
A
Connective tissue
20
Q
It includes bones, cartilage, tendons, fat and blood
A
Connective tissue
21
Q
Solid, Semi solid, or liquid that surrounds cells
A
Matrix
22
Q
Consists of cells embedded in a matrix
A
Connective tissue
23
Q
cell into
A
tissues
24
Q
tissues into
A
organs
25
organs into
systems
26
systems into
organism
27
how many bones are in the body
206
28
what are the two skeletal systems
Axial and Appendicular
29
Skull, ribs, spine and sternum (central bones)
Axial skeleton
30
Arms, legs, scapula, clavicle, pelvis, etc (peripheral bones)
Appendicular skeleton
31
what are the functions of the skeleton
to support, give shape and structure, protect internal organs, store minerals, produce blood cells
32
what minerals stored in the bone
calcium and phosphorus
33
What is the shape of a bone
overall cylindrical shape
34
what is the center of a bone like
Porceus center
35
what is a spongy bone
a hard bone with small holes that make it appear like a sponge.
36
What does the layer of hard compact bone do
provides strength
37
Layer of hard compact bone charatists
composed of hollow cylinders, the center is called a Haversian canal.
38
what is the center of the hard compact bone called
Haversian Canal
39
what does Haversian Canal do
carries nerves and blood vessels to provide nourishment to bone tissue
40
what is the Periosteum
tough outer membrane
41
what does the Periosteum contain
Network of blood vessels and nerves
42
Ossification
the process of bones growth, repair, and remodeling
43
Osteocycle
Mature bone cells that become trapped within bone. Monitors health of bone
44
Osteoblast
Bone cells that "Build" new bone
45
Osteoclast
Bone cells that "break down" old bones
46
Red Bone Marrow
produces red blood cells
47
Where is red bone marrow found
found in spongy bone of long bones, ribs, sternum, pelvis and vertebrae.
48
Yellow Bone Marrow
energy reserve
49
where is Yellow bone Marrow found
center of long bone
50
what is Yellow Bone Marrow made of
fat cells
51
Joints
any place where two bones articulate
52
what are the three types of joints
fixed, Semi-moveable, and moveable
53
Moveable joints
flexion and extension
54
which joints flex and extend
Moveable joints
55
what is an example of the Moveable joints
elbow
56
pivot joint
rotation
57
what joint rotates
Pivot joint
58
what is an example of pivot joint
cervical vertebrae (part of the neck)
59
what is an example of pivot joint
cervical vertebrae (part of the neck)
60
ball and socket joint
circular rotation
61
what joint makes circular rotation
ball and socket joint
62
what is an example of a ball and socket joint
hip
63
what is an example of a gliding joint
ankle
64
what does a gliding joint do
slide in multiple direction
65
what joint slides from side to side
gliding joint
66
tissue that connects two or more bones together
ligaments
67
Ligaments
tissue that connects two or more bones together
68
stabilize joints
Ligament
69
tissue that connects muscle to bone
Tendon
70
Tendon
tissue that connects muscle to bone
71
tissue that protects the end of bones from friction
cartilage
72
fluid filled sac found within large joints to provide cushioning
Bursa
73
What is a Bursa
fluid filled sac found within large joints to provide cushioning
74
skeletal muscle
moves skeleton
75
what are skeletal muscles made of
elongated cells called muscle fibers
76
elongated cells
muscle fibers
77
has many nuclei and has dark stripes called "striations"
Skeletal Muscles
78
dark stripes
striations
79
grouped in dense bundles called
fascicles
80
A group in dense bundles called fascicles
skeletal muscle
81
forms walls of the stomach, blood vessels and other organs
Smooth muscles
82
what do smooth muscles make up
stomach walls, blood vessels and other organs
83
Single Nucleus, No Striations, form interlaced sheets
Smooth Muscle
84
Smooth Muscles
Single Nucleus, No Striations, form interlaced sheets
INVOLUNTARY
85
make up the wall of the heart
cardiac muscles
86
what do cardiac muscles make up
the wall of the heart
87
single nucleus, has striations, branched
cardiac muscles
88
what do muscles use as an energy sources
ATP
89
It's an all or nothing response. Either fibers contract or it doesn't
muscle contrations
90
It's an all or nothing response. Either fibers contract or it doesn't
muscle contractions
91
Can happen from an inadequate supply of ATP
Muscle fatigue
92
Can cause muscles to cramp or lose strength
inadequate supply of ATP
93
skeletal muscles are made up of
1,000s of muscle fibers
94
fibers cells made of units called
myofibrils
95
thread-like bundles made of proteins fibers
Myofibrils
96
what are the two types of overlapping proteins
myosin and actin
97
Myosin
Thick
98
Actin
Thin
99
region from one 2 time to the next
sarcomere
100
Sarcomere into
Myofibrils
101
Myofibrils into
Muscle fiber
102
muscle fibers into
fascicle
103
fascicle into
muscles
104
what enters the sarcomere when signaled by a nerve cells
calcium ions
105
what allows Myosin heads to bind to Actin
calcium ions
106
what do Myosin heads do
bend inwards, pulling the Actin filaments
107
what does the Myosin heads bending inwards, pulling the Actin filaments do
It shortens the Sarcomeres (muscle)
108
what is needed to "rest" the Myosin heads
ATP
109
the point of where muscles attach to the stationary bone (ex. bicep attaching to scapula)
Origin
110
the point where the muscle attaches to the moving bines (ex. bicep, attaching to the radius)
Inseration
111
a muscle that bends a joint (biceps)
flexor
112
a muscle that straightens a joint (triceps)
extensor
113
Skin functions
Barrier between inside and outside
produces vitamin D
protects against disease
Eliminate waste
regulate body temperature
retain body fluids
114
what are the 3 layers of skin
epidermis, dermis, and the hypodermis
115
the outermost layer of skin on your body
epidermis
116
The inner layer of the two main layers of the skin
dermis
117
the bottom layer of skin in your body
hypodermis
118
epidermis
made of mostly dead cells
119
Dermis
all living cells
120
what has sensory nerves to detect heat, pain, cold, etc.
Dermis
121
has hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, blood vessels, and tiny muscles.
Dermis
122
used to rid the body of wastes and regulate body temperatures
Sweat glands
123
protects the body from some bacteria, soften the skin and hair, and prevents water loss
oil glands
124
what is the oil called
sebum
125
what are nails made of
Keratin
