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Cosmetology > Chapter 12 - Basics of Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Basics of Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?

a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen

A

C. Hydrogen

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2
Q

A ______ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without loss of identity.

a. compound
b. ion
c. molecule
d. element

A

d. element

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3
Q

Chemically joining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms a:

a. acid
b. molecule
c. mixture
d. solvent

A

B. Molecule

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4
Q

A ______ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances.

a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element

A

A. Solution

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5
Q

A _______ is a substance dissolved into a solution.

a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid

A

C. Solute

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6
Q

Liquids are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are considered:

a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immisicble

A

D. Immiscible

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7
Q

Solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as:

a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutes
d. emulsions

A

A. Suspensions

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8
Q

An _______ is a mixture of two or more immiscible substances untied with the aid of a binder.

a. suspension
b. emulsion
c. mixture
d. solution

A

B. Emulsion

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9
Q

An ______ is a substance that acts as bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify.

a. reducing agent
b. surfactant
c. anion
d. cation

A

B. Surfactant

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10
Q

The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or:

a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hyrophilic

A

C. Lipophilic

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11
Q

A molecule that caries an electric charge is called an:

a. alkaline
b. acid
c. atom
d. ion

A

D. Ion

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12
Q

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs):

a. are used to exfoliate skin
b. feel slippery on the skin
c. are also known as bases
d. are used to soften hair

A

A. Are used to exfoliate the skin.

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13
Q

An exothermic chemical reaction:

a. produces a positive electrical charge
b. produces a negative electrical charge
c. absorbs heat
d. releases heat

A

D. Releases heat

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14
Q

A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be:

a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline

A

C. Acidic

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15
Q

Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they:

a. produces less odor
b. are less expensive
c. have better texture
d. are much more effective

A

A. Produce less odor.

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16
Q

Which of these is NOT composed of organic chemicals?

A. pesticides
B. shampoos
C. synthetic fabrics
D. minerals

A

D. minerals

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17
Q

Elemental molecules contain two or more ______ of the same element in definite proportions.

a. atoms
b. ions
c. cations
d. silicones

A

A. Atoms

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18
Q

Vapor is a ______ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.

a. element
b. solid
c. liquid
d. chemical

A

C. Liquid

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19
Q

An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases:

a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon

A

C. Oxygen

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20
Q

Pure substances:

a. are united physically
b. have unique chemical and physical properties
c. can have any proportions
d. are the same as physical mixtures

A

B. Have unique chemical and physical properties.

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21
Q

Calamine lotion is an example of:

a. emulsion
b. mixture
c. solution
d. suspension

A

D. Suspension

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22
Q

Water-in-oil emulsions feel _________ than oil-in-water emulsions.

a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder

A

A. Greasier

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23
Q

A common use of ______ is raising the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft.

a. amino acid
b. ammonia
c. alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acids

A

B. Ammonia

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24
Q

Volatile organic compounds contain _______ and evaporate very easily.

a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen

A

A. Carbon

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25
Q

What type of products has no pH?

a. haircolor
b. relaxers
c. shampoos
d. oils

A

D. Oils

26
Q

The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce oxide is:

a. combustion
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. reduction

A

B. Oxidation

27
Q

The term logarithm means multiples of:

a. 5
b. 10
c. 100
d. 1000

A

B. 10

28
Q

The process through which oxygen is subtracted or hydrogen is added to a substance via a chemical reaction is:

a. reduction
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. combustion

A

A. Reduction

29
Q

Any substance that occupies space and has mass is:

a. an atom
b. an element
c. matter
d. a reaction

A

C. Matter

30
Q

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical change in the substance are:

a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties

A

A. Chemical properties

31
Q

A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a:

a. atomic substance
b. combined substance
c. miscible substance
d. pure substance

A

D. Pure substance

32
Q

A physical combination of matter in any proportions is a:

a. chemical mixture
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure mixture

A

C. Physical mixture

33
Q

The _______ is the smallest chemical component of an element.

a. anion
b. atom
c. cation
d. molecule

A

B. Atom

34
Q

Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is:

a. reduction
b. emulsification
c. ionization
d. combustion

A

D. Combustion

35
Q

Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is:

a. reduction
b. emusification
c. ionization
d. combustion

A

D. Combustion

36
Q

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substances are:

a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties

A

D. Physical properties

37
Q

The oxidation of haircolor is an example of physical change.

T or F

A

False

38
Q

All haircolor products are organic chemicals.

T or F

A

True

39
Q

Cold cream is an example of oil-in-water emulsion of two immiscible liquids.

T or F

A

False

40
Q

Most organic substances do not burn because they do not contain carbon.

T to F

A

False

41
Q

Sodium chloride is water.

T or F

A

False

42
Q 
The simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down with out loss of identity is a:
A.  Element
B.  Energy 
C.  Substance 
D.  Mineral
A

A. Element

43
Q 
Liquids that can be mixed together to form stable solutions are:
A. Incompatible
B. Miscible
C. Solvents
D. Compatible
A

B. Miscible

44
Q 
Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify, are:
A. Suspensions 
B. Mixtures
C. Particles
D. Surfactants
A

D. Surfactants

45
Q 
A common volatile organic compound used in hair spray is:
A. Ionized water
B. Ammonia water
C. Hydrogen peroxide
D. Ethyl alcohol
A

D. Ethyl alcohol

46
Q 
All matter has physical and chemical properties and exists in the form of a:
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. All of the above
A

D. All of the above

47
Q 
Ions with a positive electrical charge are considered to be:
A. Nonaqueous
B. Cation
C. Neutral
D. Anion
A

B. Cation

48
Q 
A stable physical mixture of two or more substances is a:
A. Solvent
B. Solute
C. Solution
D. Emulsion
A

C. Solution

49
Q 
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances is an:
A. Synthesis
B. Emulsion
C. Suspension
D. Solution
A

B. Emulsion

50
Q 
A substance, usually liquid, that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a:
A. Solvent
B. Immiscible 
C. Solute
D. Solid
A

A. Solvent

51
Q 
An example of an ammonia compound that is used to perform chemical services in a salon is:
A. Ionization hydroxide 
B. Ammonium hydroxide
C. Cetyl alcohol 
D. Silicone solutions
A

B. Ammonium hydroxide

52
Q 
A solution with a pH value of 7 indicates:
A. Volatile solution
B. Alkaline solution
C. Neutral solution
D. Exothermic
A

C. Neutral solution

53
Q 
Chemical reactions that are characterized by or formed by giving off heat are:
A. Neutralization
B. Acidic
C. Electrons
D. Exothermic
A

D. Exothermic

54
Q 
The branch of science that applies to substances that contain carbon is called:
A. Inorganic chemistry
B. Organic chemistry
C. Matter chemistry
D. Structural chemistry
A

B. Organic chemistry

55
Q 
Change in the form of a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction is a:
A. Anion change
B. Chemical change
C. Matter change
D. Physical change
A

D. Physical change

56
Q 
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is an:
A. Solution
B. Ion
C. Current
D. Resolute
A

B. Ion

57
Q 
Elements differ from one another because of the difference in the structure of their:
A. Atoms
B. Deionized elements
C. Occupying elements
D. Elemental molecules
A

A. Atoms

58
Q

Combustion
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

A

B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light

59
Q

Lipophilic
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

A

C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)

60
Q

Ionization
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

A

A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

61
Q

Inorganic chemistry
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

A

D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

Cosmetology (32 decks)

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