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Cosmetology 2022 > Chapter 12 - Basics of Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Basics of Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?

a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen

A

C. Hydrogen

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2
Q

A ______ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without loss of identity.

a. compound
b. ion
c. molecule
d. element

A

d. element

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3
Q

Chemically joining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms a:

a. acid
b. molecule
c. mixture
d. solvent

A

B. Molecule

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4
Q

A ______ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances.

a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element

A

A. Solution

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5
Q

A _______ is a substance dissolved into a solution.

a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid

A

C. Solute

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6
Q

Liquids are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are considered:

a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immisicble

A

D. Immiscible

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7
Q

Solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as:

a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutes
d. emulsions

A

A. Suspensions

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8
Q

An _______ is a mixture of two or more immiscible substances untied with the aid of a binder.

a. suspension
b. emulsion
c. mixture
d. solution

A

B. Emulsion

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9
Q

An ______ is a substance that acts as bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify.

a. reducing agent
b. surfactant
c. anion
d. cation

A

B. Surfactant

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10
Q

The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or:

a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hyrophilic

A

C. Lipophilic

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11
Q

A molecule that caries an electric charge is called an:

a. alkaline
b. acid
c. atom
d. ion

A

D. Ion

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12
Q

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs):

a. are used to exfoliate skin
b. feel slippery on the skin
c. are also known as bases
d. are used to soften hair

A

A. Are used to exfoliate the skin.

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13
Q

An exothermic chemical reaction:

a. produces a positive electrical charge
b. produces a negative electrical charge
c. absorbs heat
d. releases heat

A

D. Releases heat

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14
Q

A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be:

a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline

A

C. Acidic

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15
Q

Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they:

a. produces less odor
b. are less expensive
c. have better texture
d. are much more effective

A

A. Produce less odor.

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16
Q

Which of these is NOT composed of organic chemicals?

A. pesticides
B. shampoos
C. synthetic fabrics
D. minerals

A

D. minerals

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17
Q

Elemental molecules contain two or more ______ of the same element in definite proportions.

a. atoms
b. ions
c. cations
d. silicones

A

A. Atoms

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18
Q

Vapor is a ______ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.

a. element
b. solid
c. liquid
d. chemical

A

C. Liquid

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19
Q

An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases:

a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon

A

C. Oxygen

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20
Q

Pure substances:

a. are united physically
b. have unique chemical and physical properties
c. can have any proportions
d. are the same as physical mixtures

A

B. Have unique chemical and physical properties.

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21
Q

Calamine lotion is an example of:

a. emulsion
b. mixture
c. solution
d. suspension

A

D. Suspension

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22
Q

Water-in-oil emulsions feel _________ than oil-in-water emulsions.

a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder

A

A. Greasier

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23
Q

A common use of ______ is raising the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft.

a. amino acid
b. ammonia
c. alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acids

A

B. Ammonia

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24
Q

Volatile organic compounds contain _______ and evaporate very easily.

a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen

A

A. Carbon

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25
What type of products has no pH? a. haircolor b. relaxers c. shampoos d. oils
D. Oils
26
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce oxide is: a. combustion b. oxidation c. ionization d. reduction
B. Oxidation
27
The term logarithm means multiples of: a. 5 b. 10 c. 100 d. 1000
B. 10
28
The process through which oxygen is subtracted or hydrogen is added to a substance via a chemical reaction is: a. reduction b. oxidation c. ionization d. combustion
A. Reduction
29
Any substance that occupies space and has mass is: a. an atom b. an element c. matter d. a reaction
C. Matter
30
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical change in the substance are: a. chemical properties b. elemental properties c. molecular properties d. physical properties
A. Chemical properties
31
A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a: a. atomic substance b. combined substance c. miscible substance d. pure substance
D. Pure substance
32
A physical combination of matter in any proportions is a: a. chemical mixture b. combined mixture c. physical mixture d. pure mixture
C. Physical mixture
33
The _______ is the smallest chemical component of an element. a. anion b. atom c. cation d. molecule
B. Atom
34
Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is: a. reduction b. emulsification c. ionization d. combustion
D. Combustion
35
Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is: a. reduction b. emusification c. ionization d. combustion
D. Combustion
36
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substances are: a. chemical properties b. elemental properties c. molecular properties d. physical properties
D. Physical properties
37
The oxidation of haircolor is an example of physical change. T or F
False
38
All haircolor products are organic chemicals. T or F
True
39
Cold cream is an example of oil-in-water emulsion of two immiscible liquids. T or F
False
40
Most organic substances do not burn because they do not contain carbon. T to F
False
41
Sodium chloride is water. T or F
False
42
``` The simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down with out loss of identity is a: A. Element B. Energy C. Substance D. Mineral ```
A. Element
43
``` Liquids that can be mixed together to form stable solutions are: A. Incompatible B. Miscible C. Solvents D. Compatible ```
B. Miscible
44
``` Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify, are: A. Suspensions B. Mixtures C. Particles D. Surfactants ```
D. Surfactants
45
``` A common volatile organic compound used in hair spray is: A. Ionized water B. Ammonia water C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Ethyl alcohol ```
D. Ethyl alcohol
46
``` All matter has physical and chemical properties and exists in the form of a: A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. All of the above ```
D. All of the above
47
``` Ions with a positive electrical charge are considered to be: A. Nonaqueous B. Cation C. Neutral D. Anion ```
B. Cation
48
``` A stable physical mixture of two or more substances is a: A. Solvent B. Solute C. Solution D. Emulsion ```
C. Solution
49
``` An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances is an: A. Synthesis B. Emulsion C. Suspension D. Solution ```
B. Emulsion
50
``` A substance, usually liquid, that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a: A. Solvent B. Immiscible C. Solute D. Solid ```
A. Solvent
51
``` An example of an ammonia compound that is used to perform chemical services in a salon is: A. Ionization hydroxide B. Ammonium hydroxide C. Cetyl alcohol D. Silicone solutions ```
B. Ammonium hydroxide
52
``` A solution with a pH value of 7 indicates: A. Volatile solution B. Alkaline solution C. Neutral solution D. Exothermic ```
C. Neutral solution
53
``` Chemical reactions that are characterized by or formed by giving off heat are: A. Neutralization B. Acidic C. Electrons D. Exothermic ```
D. Exothermic
54
``` The branch of science that applies to substances that contain carbon is called: A. Inorganic chemistry B. Organic chemistry C. Matter chemistry D. Structural chemistry ```
B. Organic chemistry
55
``` Change in the form of a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction is a: A. Anion change B. Chemical change C. Matter change D. Physical change ```
D. Physical change
56
``` An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is an: A. Solution B. Ion C. Current D. Resolute ```
B. Ion
57
``` Elements differ from one another because of the difference in the structure of their: A. Atoms B. Deionized elements C. Occupying elements D. Elemental molecules ```
A. Atoms
58
Combustion A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
59
Lipophilic A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
60
Ionization A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
61
Inorganic chemistry A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

Cosmetology 2022 (32 decks)

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