Chapter 12 - Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain which element?
a. silicon
b. oxygen
c. hydrogen
d. nitrogen
C. Hydrogen
A ______ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances without loss of identity.
a. compound
b. ion
c. molecule
d. element
d. element
Chemically joining two or more atoms in definite proportions forms a:
a. acid
b. molecule
c. mixture
d. solvent
B. Molecule
A ______ is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances.
a. solution
b. emulsion
c. compound
d. element
A. Solution
A _______ is a substance dissolved into a solution.
a. solvent
b. alkali
c. solute
d. acid
C. Solute
Liquids are not capable of being mixed into stable solutions are considered:
a. emulsions
b. suspensions
c. miscible
d. immisicble
D. Immiscible
Solutions that contain undissolved particles that are visible to the naked eye are known as:
a. suspensions
b. mixtures
c. solutes
d. emulsions
A. Suspensions
An _______ is a mixture of two or more immiscible substances untied with the aid of a binder.
a. suspension
b. emulsion
c. mixture
d. solution
B. Emulsion
An ______ is a substance that acts as bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify.
a. reducing agent
b. surfactant
c. anion
d. cation
B. Surfactant
The tail of a surfactant molecule is oil-loving or:
a. miscible
b. immiscible
c. lipophilic
d. hyrophilic
C. Lipophilic
A molecule that caries an electric charge is called an:
a. alkaline
b. acid
c. atom
d. ion
D. Ion
Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs):
a. are used to exfoliate skin
b. feel slippery on the skin
c. are also known as bases
d. are used to soften hair
A. Are used to exfoliate the skin.
An exothermic chemical reaction:
a. produces a positive electrical charge
b. produces a negative electrical charge
c. absorbs heat
d. releases heat
D. Releases heat
A substance that has a pH below 7.0 is considered to be:
a. combustible
b. neutral
c. acidic
d. alkaline
C. Acidic
Alkanolamines are often used in place of ammonia because they:
a. produces less odor
b. are less expensive
c. have better texture
d. are much more effective
A. Produce less odor.
Which of these is NOT composed of organic chemicals?
A. pesticides
B. shampoos
C. synthetic fabrics
D. minerals
D. minerals
Elemental molecules contain two or more ______ of the same element in definite proportions.
a. atoms
b. ions
c. cations
d. silicones
A. Atoms
Vapor is a ______ that has evaporated into a gas-like state.
a. element
b. solid
c. liquid
d. chemical
C. Liquid
An oxidizing agent is a substance that releases:
a. hydrogen
b. nitrogen
c. oxygen
d. carbon
C. Oxygen
Pure substances:
a. are united physically
b. have unique chemical and physical properties
c. can have any proportions
d. are the same as physical mixtures
B. Have unique chemical and physical properties.
Calamine lotion is an example of:
a. emulsion
b. mixture
c. solution
d. suspension
D. Suspension
Water-in-oil emulsions feel _________ than oil-in-water emulsions.
a. greasier
b. hotter
c. wetter
d. colder
A. Greasier
A common use of ______ is raising the pH in hair products to allow the solution to penetrate the hair shaft.
a. amino acid
b. ammonia
c. alkaline solution
d. alpha hydroxy acids
B. Ammonia
Volatile organic compounds contain _______ and evaporate very easily.
a. carbon
b. hydrogen
c. oxygen
d. nitrogen
A. Carbon
What type of products has no pH?
a. haircolor
b. relaxers
c. shampoos
d. oils
D. Oils
The chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce oxide is:
a. combustion
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. reduction
B. Oxidation
The term logarithm means multiples of:
a. 5
b. 10
c. 100
d. 1000
B. 10
The process through which oxygen is subtracted or hydrogen is added to a substance via a chemical reaction is:
a. reduction
b. oxidation
c. ionization
d. combustion
A. Reduction
Any substance that occupies space and has mass is:
a. an atom
b. an element
c. matter
d. a reaction
C. Matter
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical change in the substance are:
a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties
A. Chemical properties
A chemical combination of matter in definite proportions is a:
a. atomic substance
b. combined substance
c. miscible substance
d. pure substance
D. Pure substance
A physical combination of matter in any proportions is a:
a. chemical mixture
b. combined mixture
c. physical mixture
d. pure mixture
C. Physical mixture
The _______ is the smallest chemical component of an element.
a. anion
b. atom
c. cation
d. molecule
B. Atom
Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is:
a. reduction
b. emulsification
c. ionization
d. combustion
D. Combustion
Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light, is:
a. reduction
b. emusification
c. ionization
d. combustion
D. Combustion
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not involve a chemical change in the substances are:
a. chemical properties
b. elemental properties
c. molecular properties
d. physical properties
D. Physical properties
The oxidation of haircolor is an example of physical change.
T or F
False
All haircolor products are organic chemicals.
T or F
True
Cold cream is an example of oil-in-water emulsion of two immiscible liquids.
T or F
False
Most organic substances do not burn because they do not contain carbon.
T to F
False
Sodium chloride is water.
T or F
False
The simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be broken down with out loss of identity is a: A. Element B. Energy C. Substance D. Mineral
A. Element
Liquids that can be mixed together to form stable solutions are: A. Incompatible B. Miscible C. Solvents D. Compatible
B. Miscible
Substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify, are: A. Suspensions B. Mixtures C. Particles D. Surfactants
D. Surfactants
A common volatile organic compound used in hair spray is: A. Ionized water B. Ammonia water C. Hydrogen peroxide D. Ethyl alcohol
D. Ethyl alcohol
All matter has physical and chemical properties and exists in the form of a: A. Solid B. Liquid C. Gas D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Ions with a positive electrical charge are considered to be: A. Nonaqueous B. Cation C. Neutral D. Anion
B. Cation
A stable physical mixture of two or more substances is a: A. Solvent B. Solute C. Solution D. Emulsion
C. Solution
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances is an: A. Synthesis B. Emulsion C. Suspension D. Solution
B. Emulsion
A substance, usually liquid, that dissolves another substance to form a solution is a: A. Solvent B. Immiscible C. Solute D. Solid
A. Solvent
An example of an ammonia compound that is used to perform chemical services in a salon is: A. Ionization hydroxide B. Ammonium hydroxide C. Cetyl alcohol D. Silicone solutions
B. Ammonium hydroxide
A solution with a pH value of 7 indicates: A. Volatile solution B. Alkaline solution C. Neutral solution D. Exothermic
C. Neutral solution
Chemical reactions that are characterized by or formed by giving off heat are: A. Neutralization B. Acidic C. Electrons D. Exothermic
D. Exothermic
The branch of science that applies to substances that contain carbon is called: A. Inorganic chemistry B. Organic chemistry C. Matter chemistry D. Structural chemistry
B. Organic chemistry
Change in the form of a substance that does not cause a chemical reaction is a: A. Anion change B. Chemical change C. Matter change D. Physical change
D. Physical change
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge is an: A. Solution B. Ion C. Current D. Resolute
B. Ion
Elements differ from one another because of the difference in the structure of their: A. Atoms B. Deionized elements C. Occupying elements D. Elemental molecules
A. Atoms
Combustion
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
Lipophilic
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
Ionization
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
Inorganic chemistry
A. Separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
B. Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
C. Having an affinity or attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving)
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
D. Study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
