Chapter 12 and 13 Flashcards
Brown (2010) defines feminist therapy as:
a postmodern, technically integrative approach that emphasizes the analysis of gender, power, and social location as strategies for facilitating change.
What is the primary goal and focus of feminist therapy? What is the focus of this approach?
What is the primary goal and focus of feminist therapy? What is the focus of this approach?
- To become aware of one’s gender-role socialization process
- To identify internalized gender-role messages and replace them
- with functional beliefs
- To acquire skills to bring about change in the environment
- To develop a wide range of behaviors that are freely chosen
- To become personally empowered
What is the major role of feminist therapy?
What is the major role of feminist therapy?
The major goal is to replace the current patriarchal system with feminist consciousness and thus create a society that values equality in relationships, values diversity, stresses interdependence rather than dependence, and encourages both women and men to define themselves rather than being defined by societal demands.
Feminist therapists share a number of basic assumptions and roles:
Feminist therapists share a number of basic assumptions and roles:
they engage in appropriate self-disclosure; they make their values and beliefs explicit so that the therapy process is clearly understood; they establish egalitarian roles with clients; they work toward client empowerment; they emphasize the commonalities among women while honoring their diverse life experiences; and they all have an agenda to bring about social change.
What technique shifts the client from thinking from an intrapersonal to interpersonal view in terms of the issue?
What technique shifts the client from thinking from an intrapersonal to interpersonal view in terms of the issue?
Cultural feminism.
Deterministic
Deterministic Assumes that personality patterns and behavior are fixed at an early stage of
development.
Egalitarian relationship
Egalitarian relationship Power should be balanced in a relationship. In feminist therapy the
voices of the oppressed are acknowledged as authoritative and valuable sources of knowledge.
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism The idea that one’s own cultural group is superior to others and that other
groups should be judged based on one’s own
standards.
Flexible
Flexible–multicultural perspective Uses concepts and strategies that apply equally to individuals and groups regardless of age, race, culture,
gender, ability, class, or sexual orientation.
Gendercentric
Gendercentric Believing that there are two separate paths of development for women and men.
Gender-fair approaches
Gender-fair approaches Explain differences
in the behavior of women and men in terms of
socialization processes rather than on the basis
of our “innate” natures, thus avoiding stereotypes in social roles and interpersonal behavior.
Gender-neutral theory
Gender-neutral theory Explains differences
in the behavior of women and men in terms of
socialization processes rather than viewing gender differences as fixed in nature.
Gender-role analysis
Gender-role analysis Used to help clients understand the impact of gender-role expectations
in their lives. Some feminist therapists prefer to
use the term “social identity analysis” rather than
gender-role analysis, to reflect the importance of
assessing all relevant aspects of a client’s identity.
Gender-role intervention
Gender-role intervention Provides clients
with insight into the ways social issues affect
their problems.
Gender schema
Gender schema An organized set of mental associations people use to interpret their perceptions about gender.
Global/international feminism
Global/international feminism This approach takes a worldwide perspective and seeks
to understand the ways in which racism, sexism,
economics, and classism affect women in different countries.
Heterosexist
Heterosexist Views a heterosexual orientation
as normative and desirable and devalues samesex relationships.
Interactionist Concepts specific to the thinking, feeling, and behaving dimensions of human
experience that account for contextual and environmental factors.
Intrapsychic orientation
Intrapsychic orientation Attributing behavior
to internal causes, which often results in blaming the victim and ignoring sociocultural and political factors.
Lesbian feminists
Lesbian feminists This group of feminists
views women’s oppression as related to heterosexism and sexualized images of women.
Liberal feminists
Liberal feminists These feminists focus on
helping individual women overcome the limits
and constraints of traditional gender-role socialization patterns; they argue for a transformation
from accepting traditional gender roles to creating equal opportunities for both women and men.
Life-span perspective development
Life-span perspective development
Assumes that human
development is a lifelong process and that personality patterns and behavioral changes can
occur at any time.
Postmodern feminists
Postmodern feminists This group of feminists
provides a model for critiquing other traditional
and feminist approaches, addressing the issue of
what constitutes reality and proposing multiple
truths as opposed to a single truth.
Power analysis
Power analysis Emphasis is on the power
difference between men and women in society.
Clients are helped to recognize different kinds
of power they possess and how they and others
exercise power.
Radical feminists
Radical feminists This group of feminists focuses on the oppression of women that is embedded in patriarchy and seek to change society
through activism and equalizing power.
Reframing
Reframing A technique whereby the counselor
changes the frame of reference for looking at an
individual’s behavior. There is a shift from an intrapersonal (or “blaming the victim”) stance to
a consideration of social factors in the environment that contribute to a client’s problem.
Relabeling
Relabeling An intervention that changes the
label or evaluation applied to the client’s behavioral characteristics. Generally, the focus is
shifted from a negative to a positive evaluation
Relational-cultural theory
Relational-cultural theory A perspective suggesting that a woman’s sense of identity and selfconcept develop in the context of relationships.
Self-in-relation
Self-in-relation The idea that a woman’s sense
of self depends largely on how she connects with
others.
Social action
Social action Participating in some activity outside of the therapy office (such as some
kind of volunteer work in the community) that
is likely to empower clients by helping them see
the link between their personal experiences and
the social context in which they live.
Socialist feminist
Socialist feminists These feminists aim to
transform social relationships and institutions.
They focus on multiple oppressions and believe
solutions to society’s problems must include considerations of class, race, sexual orientation, economics, nationality, and history.
White Privledge
An invisible package of unearned assets White people enjoy that are not extended to people of color.
Women of color feminist
This group of feminists believes it is essential that feminist theory
be broadened and made more inclusive by addressing multiple oppressions, taking into consideration privilege and power, and emphasizing
activism.`
Alternative story
Alternative story The story that develops in
counseling in contradiction to the dominant
story that is embedded in a client’s problem.
Co-authoring The process by which both therapist and client share responsibility for the development of alternative stories.
Co-authoring The process by which both therapist and client share responsibility for the development of alternative stories.
Deconstruction`
Deconstruction The exploration of meaning
by taking apart, or unpacking, the taken-forgranted categories and assumptions underlying
social practices that pose as truth.
Dominate story
A way of understanding a situation that has been so widely accepted within
a culture that it appears to represent “reality.”
Growing out of conversations in a social and cultural context, dominant stories shape reality in
that they construct and constitute what people
see, feel, and do.
Exception questions
Exception questions Solution-focused therapists inquire about those times in clients’ lives
when the problems they identify have not been
problematic. Exploring these exceptions reminds clients that problems are not all-powerful
and have not existed forever.
Exceptions Past experiences \
Exceptions Past experiences in a client’s life
when it would be reasonable to have expected
the problem to occur, but somehow it did not.
Externalizing conversation
Externalizing conversation A way of speaking
in which the problem may be spoken of as if it is
a distinct entity that is separate from the person.
Formula first session task
Formula first session task A form of homework
a therapist might give clients to complete between
their first and second therapy sessions. Clients are
asked to simply observe what is happening in their
lives that they want to continue happening.
Mapping-the-influence questions
Mapping-the-influence questions A series of
questions asked about a problem that a client has
internalized as a means of understanding the relationship between the person and the problem.
Miracle question
A solution-focused technique that asks clients to imagine how their life
would be different if they woke up tomorrow
and they no longer had their problem.
Narrative
A social constructionist conceptualization of how people create “storied” meaning
in their lives.
Narrative Therapy
Narrative therapy A postmodern approach to
therapy that is based on the therapist’s personal
characteristics that allow for creating a climate
that encourages clients to see their stories from
different perspectives. Grounded in a philosophical framework, narrative practices assist clients
in finding new meanings and new possibilities in
their lives.
Not knowing position
Not-knowing position A therapist’s stance
that invites clients to become the experts who
are informing the therapist about the significant
narratives of their lives.
Positive psychology
Positive psychology An approach that concentrates on what is right and what is working
for people rather than dwelling on deficits, weaknesses, and problems
Postmodernism
Postmodernism A philosophical movement
across a variety of disciples that has aimed at
critically examining many of the assumptions
that are part of the established truths of society.
The postmodern worldview acknowledges the
complexity, relativity, and intersubjectivity of all
human experience.
Post modernist
Postmodernist A believer in subjective realities that cannot exist independently of the observational processes used. Problems exist when
people agree that there is a problem that needs
to be addressed.
Pretherapy
Pretherapy change At the first therapy session, solution-focused therapists often inquire
about presession improvements, or anything clients have done since scheduling the appointment
that has made a difference in their problems.
Problem saturated story
Problem-saturated story People often come
to therapy feeling overwhelmed by their problems to which they are fused. Narrative therapists assist clients in understanding that they do
not have to be reduced by these totalizing descriptions of their identity.
Reauthoring
Re-authoring A process in narrative therapy in
which client and therapist jointly create an alternative life story.
Scaling questions
Scaling questions A solution-focused technique that asks clients to observe changes in
feelings, moods, thoughts, and behaviors. On a
scale of zero to 10, clients are asked to rate some
change in their experiences.
Social constructionism
Social constructionism A therapeutic perspective within a postmodern worldview that
stresses the client’s reality without disputing the
accuracy or validity of this reality. Social constructionism emphasizes the ways in which people make meaning in social relationships.
Solution focused brief therapy
Solution-focused brief therapy A postmodern approach to therapy that provides a context
whereby individuals focus on recovering and
creating solutions rather than talking about their
problems.
Totalizing descriptions
Totalizing descriptions A categorical description of people that constricts them to a single dimension that purports to capture their identity.
Unique outcome
Unique outcome Aspects of lived experience
that lie outside the realm of dominant stories
or in contradiction to the problem-saturated
story.
Feminist therapy is based on six interrelated principles
Feminist therapy is based on six interrelated principles
The personal is political, commitment to social change, women’s and girls voices ans ways of knowing are valued and their experiences are honored, the counseling relationship is egalitarian, a focus on strengths and a reformulated definition of psychological distress, all types of oppression are recognized
Six goals for feminist therapy
Six goals for feminist therapy
Equality, balancing independence and interdependence, self-nurturance, empowerment, social change, and valuing and affirming diversity.
Contribution of feminist therapy:
Contribution of feminist therapy:
Increasing awareness of one’s attitudes and biases pertaining to gender and culture, regardless of one’s theoretical orientation.
Limitations of feminist therapy:
Limitations of feminist therapy: Therapist may impose their values on clients. Therapy was developed by White, middle-class heterosexual women and that its underlying assumptions are biased to this narrow viewpoint.
What is Solution-focused brief therapy?
What is Solution-focused brief therapy?
It is a future-focused, goal-oriented therapeutic approach to brief therapy that shifts the focus from problem solving to an emphasis on solutions.
What does SFBT emphasize?
a. Focuses on searching for times when clients were strong or resourceful and on helping clients separate from the dominant cultural narratives they have internalized so as to open space for the creation of alternative life stories.
b. Peoples strengths and resiliencies by focusing on exceptions to their problems and their conceptualized solutions.
c. the process of finding evidence to bolster a new view of the person as competent enough to have stood up to or defeated the dominance or oppression.
B
What is the focus of narrative therapy?
What is the focus of narrative therapy?
Searching for times when clients were strong or resourceful and on helping clients separate from the dominant cultural narratives they have internalized so as to open space for the creation of alternative life stories.
Post-Modern viewpoint of social constructions:
Post-Modern viewpoint of social constructions:
The stories that people tell are about the creation of meaning.
Both solution focused therapy and narrative therapy are based on:
a. focusing on keeping therapy simple and brief.
b. aspects of lived experience that lie outside the realm of dominant stories or in contradiction to the problem-saturated story.
c. optimistic assumption that people are healthy, competent, resourceful, and possess the about to construct solutions and alternative stories that can enhance their lives.
c
Key concepts of solution-focused brief therapy include:
Key concepts of solution-focused brief therapy include:
Am movement from problem-talk to solution-talk and focus on keeping therapy simple and brief. There are exceptions to every problem. Attention is paid to what is working.
Key concepts of narrative therapy include:
Key concepts of narrative therapy include:
Discussion of how a problem has been disruption, domination, or discouraging the person.
The solution-focused model emphasizes:
The solution-focused model emphasizes:
The role of clients stabling their own goals and preferences.
The general theme of narrative therapy is:
The general theme of narrative therapy is:
To invite clients to describe their experience in fresh language, which tends to open up new vistas of what is possible.
Therapeutic relationship that solution focused and narrative therapists adopt what kind of position:
Therapeutic relationship that solution focused and narrative therapists adopt:
Not-knowing position
What does the solution-focused approach represents:
What does the solution-focused approach represents:
Prespective from most of the traditional therapy models with respect to thinking about and doing brief therapy.
Exception question
Exception questions: Direct clients to those times in their lives when their problems did not exist.
Summary feed back
involves the therapist pointing out particular strengths that clients have demonstrated.
What is narrative therapys most distinctive feature?
What is narrative therapys most distinctive feature? “The person is not the problem, but the problem is the problem?
Limitations of solution-focused and narrative therapies:
Limitations of solution-focused and narrative therapies: Lack of skill on the part of the therapist when implementing techniques.
A major strength of both solution-focused and narrative therapies is the use of questioning, which is the centerpiece of both approaches. Open-ended questions about the client’s attitudes, thoughts, feeling, behaviors, and perceptions are one of the main interventions.
A major strength of both solution-focused and narrative therapies is the use of questioning, which is the centerpiece of both approaches. Open-ended questions about the client’s attitudes, thoughts, feeling, behaviors, and perceptions are one of the main interventions.
What did SFBT start out as? (what kind of therapy)
SFBT started as a family therapy
25. Which of the following statements about feminist therapy is not true? a. Therapy is relatively short term. b. The model underlying practice tends to be static. c. A goal is to replace the current patriarchal system with feminist consciousness. d. Women are encouraged to define themselves rather than being defined by societal demands. e. Feminist therapy differs from traditional therapy in a number of ways.
B
24. What perspective calls for feminist theory to include an analysis of multiple identities and their relationship to oppression? a. postmodern feminism b. lesbian feminism c. radical feminism d. cultural feminism e. liberal feminism
b
- Part of the feminist critique of assessment and diagnosis is that these
procedures
a. are often based on sexist
assumptions.
b. minimize the effect of environmental factors that influence
behavior.
c. provide different treatments to
women and men who display
similar symptoms.
d. tend to reinforce gender-role stereotypes and encourage adjustment to the status quo.
e. do all of the above.
e
- Feminist therapists use self-disclosure to
a. equalize the client–therapist
relationship.
b. normalize women’s collective
experiences.
c. empower clients.
d. establish informed consent.
e. all of the above
e
20. This approach to feminism focuses on multiple oppressions and has the goal of transforming social relationships and institutions. a. liberal feminism b. cultural feminism c. radical feminism d. social feminism
d
18. The feminist philosophy that emphasizes the differences between women and men and views the goal of therapy as being the infusion of cooperative values in society is a. liberal feminism. b. cultural feminism. c. postmodern feminism. d. social feminism.
b
- All of the following are ways feminist therapy differs from traditional
therapy except for
a. viewing problems in a sociopolitical and cultural context.
b. demystifying the therapeutic
process.
c. accepting the premise that diagnosis is a basic prerequisite for
effective treatment.
d. creating a therapeutic relationship that is egalitarian.
e. recognizing that clients
know what is best for their
life and are experts in their
own life.
c
12. All of the following are considered aspects of the “third wave” of feminist perspectives except for a. postmodern feminism. b. women of color feminism. c. lesbian feminism. d. cultural feminism. e. global/international feminism.
d
