Chapter 12 Achievement

Question 1

____, The psychosocial domain concerning behaviors with feelings in evaluative situations.

Answer 1

Achievement

Question 2

____, A need that influences the extent to which an indiviual strives for success in evaluative situations.

Answer 2

Need of Achievement

Question 3

____, Fear of the consequences of failing in achievement situations.

Answer 3

Fear of Failure

Question 4

____, Individuals whose actual school perfomance is lower than what would be expected on the basis of objective measures of their aptitude or intelligence.

Answer 4

Underachievers

Question 5

____, Deliberately behaving in ways that will likely interferre with doing well, in order to have an excuse for failing.

Answer 5

Self-Handicapping

Question 6

____, Motivation based on the pleasure one will experience from mastering a task.

Answer 6

Intrinsic Motivation.

Question 7

____, Motivation based on the rewards one will receive for successful performance.

Answer 7

Extrinsic Motivation.

Question 8

____, The harmful effect that exposure to stereotypes about ethnic or sex differences in ability has on student performance.

Answer 8

Stereotype Threat

Question 9

____, The sense that an individual has some control over his or her life.

Answer 9

Self-Efficacy.

Question 10

____, The beliefs an indivual holds about the causes of her or his successes and failures.

Answer 10

Achievement Attributions

Question 11

____, The acquired belief that an individual is not able to influence events through his or her own efforts or actions.

Answer 11

Learned Helplessness

Question 12

What 2 things work together to pull adolescents toward or repel them from achievement situations?

Answer 12

Need for achievement & fear of failure

Question 13

What is often done so that students have an excuse for poor performance other than a lack of ability?

Answer 13

Self-Handicapping

Question 14

Contemporary theories tend to stress the interaction of what 4 things as influencing adolescents achievement orientation?

Answer 14

Motives, Beliefs, Attributions, & Goals

Question 15

Adolescents who believe that ability its ____, are what 3 things that seperate them to achieve more than others?

Answer 15

Malleable. Movtivated by intrinsic rather than extrinsic rewards, Confident about their abilities, & Attribue their success and failures to effort rather than to thigs they cant control

Question 16

____, The resources provided within a family through the exposure of the adolescent to art, music, literature, & other elements of “high culture”.

Answer 16

Cultural Capital

Question 17

____, The interpersonal resources available to an adolescent or family.

Answer 17

Social Capital

Question 18

Adolescents perfrom better and are more engaged in school whey they come from ______ homes in which their parents are highly involved in their education.

Answer 18

Authoritative

Question 19

True or False. Adolescents whose friends support academic achievement perform better in school.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What are the 4 things that researchers now understand that patterns of achievement are the result of a cumulative process of experiences and socialization in?

Answer 20

School, Family, Peer Groups, & the Community

Question 21

____, a mesure of achievement based on a indivudal’s grades in school.

Answer 21

School Performance

Question 22

____, Achievement that is measured by standardized tests of scholastic ability or knowledge.

Answer 22

Academic Achievement.

Question 23

____, The nunmber of years of schooling completed by an individual

Answer 23

Educational Attainment

Question 24

____, A periodic testing of American 4th, 8th, & 14th grades by the federal government, used to track achievement.

Answer 24

NAEP National Assessment of Educational Progress

Question 25

____, The practice of promoting students from one grade to the next automatically, regardless of their school performance.

Answer 25

School Promotion.

Question 26

____, According to Super, the stage during which individuals, typically ages 14-18, first begin to formulate their ideas about appropriate occupations.

Answer 26

Crystallization

Question 27

____, According to Super, the stage during which individuals, typically ages 18-21, first begin to consider narrowly defined occupational pursuits.

Answer 27

Specification

Question 28

____, A personality designed by Holland and used to help individuals better understand their vocational interests.

Answer 28

Self-Directed Search

Question 29

____, The paritcular sorts of rewards an individual looks for in a job (extrinsic, intrinsic, social, alturistic, security, influence, leisure).

Answer 29

Work Values

Question 30

____, A measure of achievement based on the status or prestige of the job an individual holds.

Answer 30

Occupational Attainment

Question 31

What are the 5 factors that have influences on adolescents career choices?

Answer 31

Personality, Work values, Social background, Perception of the labor market, & Potential placement in the labor market.

Question 32

Educational achievement is usually defined in 1 of which 3 ways?

Answer 32

School Performance, Academic Achievement, Edcuational Attainment

Question 33

What are the 4 reasons why higher/middle class socioeconomic status adolescents achieve more?

Answer 33

Support at home, Better nourished, More consistenly encouraged, Less exposure to stress

Question 34

What are the 5 reasons why adolescents arent doing well in school?

Answer 34

Not spending enough time on basic instruction and more disciplining. Parental encouragement isnot there. Difficulty of textbooks are declining. Students arent studying enough outside of school. Grade inflation.