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Chem 30 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

theoretical definition of oxidization

A

the loss of electrons, results in an increase in ON

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2
Q

theoretical definition of reduction

A

the gain of electrons, results in a decrease in ON

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3
Q

operational definition of oxidization

A

the reaction with molecular oxygen

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4
Q

operational definition of reduction

A

the extraction of metals from metal ore

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5
Q

oxidizing agent definition

A

reactant being reduced, causing another reagent to be oxidized

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6
Q

reducing agent

A

reactant being oxidized, causing another reagent to be reduced

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7
Q

redox reactions happen betweeen a ______ and a ______

A

oxidizing and reducing agent

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8
Q

in redox reactions electrons are _____

A

gained by one atom or ion and lost by another

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9
Q

oxidization numbers definition

A

hypothetical numbers used to determine the degree of oxidization of an atom

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10
Q

redox reactions involve ____ of electrons

A

transfer

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11
Q

what indicates a redox reaction

A

a change in an element’s ON

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12
Q

steps for determining if reactions are redox or non-redox

A

1) assign ON’s

2) determine if reactions are redox or non redox
- non redox=no change in ON
- redox=change in ON

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13
Q

definition of spontaneous redox reaction

A

takes place without the input of electricity

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14
Q

if OA is above RA, the reaction is _______

A

spontaneous/ does happen

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15
Q

if OA is below RA, the reaction is _____

A

non-spontaneous/ doesn’t happen

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16
Q

oxidizing agents are on the ___ side of the redox table

A

left

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17
Q

reducing agents are on the ___ side of the table

A

right

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18
Q

the SOA is at the ____ of the table

A

top

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19
Q

the SRA is at the _____ of the table

A

bottom

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20
Q

the WOA is at the ____ of the table

A

bottom

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21
Q

the WRA is at the ____ of the table

A

top

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22
Q

copy out reduction reactions from ____ to ____

A

left to right (regular)

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23
Q

copy out oxidization reactions from ___ to ___

A

right to left (opposite)

24
Q

steps for determine if a redox reaction is spontaneous or non spontaneous

A

1) determine OA and RA by assigning oxidization numbers

2) consult redox table to determine or spontaneous or not
- spontaneous= OA is above RA
- non spontaneous= OA is below RA

25
Q

steps for building a redox table

A

1) determine OA and RA of each equation by assigning oxidization numbers
- metals are always RA

2) place the OA and RA in each equation relative to each other on the table
- each OA and RA has a corresponding element

26
Q

what is an oxidization half reaction

A

separating a redox reaction into its oxidization component

27
Q

what is a reduction half reaction

A

separating a redox reaction into its reduction component

28
Q

oxidization half reactions have electrons on ____ side

A

product

29
Q

reduction half reactions have electrons on ____ side

A

reactant

30
Q

balancing steps

A

1) write half reactions
2) balance any atoms other than H and O
3) balance oxygen by adding H2O
4) balance hydrogen by adding H+
5) balance any charges by adding electrons
6) multiply half reaction by LCM to cancel out electrons
7) add the balance half reactions
8) cancel out any ions present on both sides
9) add spectator ions back in if they were removed when writting half reaction

31
Q

steps for balancing equations using half reactions from data booklet (and what format is this question usually in)

A

usually in all word format

1) list all things you have
acidified/acid=H+
solution=H2O

2) find SOA (consult table) and copy out half reaction
3) find SRA (consult table) and copy out half reaction
6) continue steps for regular balancing

32
Q

what do you make sure of when copying out half reaction

A

that you’re copying them out in the CORRECT direction

33
Q

disproportionation definition

A

sometimes some atoms of an element can undergo oxidization while some atoms of the same element undergo reduction

34
Q

steps for determine which element undergoes disproportionation

A

1) assign ON’s

2) determine which element is being both oxidized and reduced

35
Q

step for balancing disproportionation reactions:

A

1) assign ON’s
2) determine which element is being both oxidized and reduced
3) start and finish steps for regular balancing

36
Q

titration definition

A

process used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution

37
Q

titrant definition

A

solution of KNOWN concentration

38
Q

sample definition

A

solution of UNKOWN concentration

39
Q

titration process

A

a solution of known concentration (titrant) is added slowly to the solution of unknown concentration (sample) until the reaction is complete

40
Q

endpoint definition

A

point when you observe a sudden change in colour

41
Q

what is the endpoint dependent on

A

the indicator in acid-base titration

42
Q

equivalence point definition

A

point where the chemical amount of the titrant is stoichiometrically equal to the chemical amount present in the solution of unknown concentration

43
Q

acid-base indicator definition

A

a compound that changes colour over a given pH range

44
Q

the ___ is in the buret (titrant or sample)

A

titrant

45
Q

the ___ is in the erlenmeyer flask (titrant or sample)

A

sample

46
Q

where is the stopcock (relative to the buret)

A

at the bottom of the buret

47
Q

what is the retort stand

A

the thing holding everything up

48
Q

where is the buret clamp

A

attached to the retort stand, hold the buret

49
Q

why do we commonly us OA/RA’s that change colour themselves in redox titrations?

A

so we don’t have to add an additional indicator

50
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

6 CO2(g)+ 6 H2O(l) + energy —>

C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g)

51
Q

cellular respiration equation

A

C6H12O6(s) + 6 O2(g) —->

6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(l) + energy

52
Q

what is the OA in cellular respiration

A

oxygen

53
Q

what is the RA in cellular respiration

A

sugar

54
Q

what is the OA in photosynthesis

A

CO2

55
Q

what is the RA in photosynthesis

A

water

56
Q

increase in ph ( in terms of hydrogen ions and acidity)

A

taking hydrogen ions and converting them to water (H+ on reactant side)

becomes LESS acidic

57
Q

decrease in ph ( in terms of hydrogen ions and acidity)

A

when your producing hydrogen ions

becomes MORE acidic

Chem 30 (6 decks)

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