Chapter 12 Flashcards
This type of drug reduces pain.
Analgesic
This drug alters mood, perception or brain function
Psychoactive
What is drug tolerance?
Needing more of a drug to achieve the same effects.
What is withdrawal?
A specific psychological and physiological reaction to discontinuation of a substance.
What is central to the diagnosis of a substance-use disorder?
Continued use of a substance despite significant distress or impairment (social/occupational problems or failure to fulfill major role obligations)
What is an agonist drug?
a chemical that acts on the same receptors and acts as a substitute for the drug
____-_____ disorders consist of intoxication, withdrawal and a series of substance-induced mental disturbances such as delirium, dementia, psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunctions and sleep disorders.
Substance-Induced
What three substances are the most addictive according to the chart in chapter 12?
Nicotine (#1), Ice/Glass - aka, smoked meth (#2) and crack (#3)
442,000 annual deaths in the U.S are attributed to this substance.
Nicotine
85,000 annual deaths in the U.S are attributed to this substance.
Alcohol
What is the “Moral failure” model for understanding drug abuse?
“Moral failure” model of drug abuse believes that drug use is caused by “weak character” or a “lack of moral fiber.”
What are the four stages of alcoholism?
Pre-alcoholic, prodromal, crucial and chronic.
What is the prodromal phase in alcoholism?
Gulping of drinks, preoccupation with alcohol and occasional black-outs.
what is the crucial phase in alcoholism?
Bingeing and loss of control occurs. The individual cannot stop drinking until completely intoxicated.
A person who lives to drink and is openly intoxicated in most settings would be in the ______ phase.
Chronic
Both ______ and _______ factors combine together to produce a brain that has cravings for certain drugs.
biological and psychological
___% of 259 hospitalized alcoholics had a parent - usually the father - who was also an alcoholic.
40%
Sons of alcoholics were __ times more likely to develop alcoholism.
4
About 50% of people from ____ have a deficiency in an enzyme that breaks down alcohol, possibly causing them to respond negatively to alcohol. Coincidentally, people from this group have a lower risk for alcohol use disorder.
Asia
In an animal study, heroin was more likely to be fatal if delivered in a _____ environment, even when the same dose was given.
different
In Vietnam veterans, drug relapse was more likely when they were discharged into ___ _____ environment in which the addiction was established.
the same
What is a standard drink?
12 oz. of beer; 4 oz of wine or 1.5 oz of 80 proof liquor.
What is Cirrhosis?
Degenerative chronic disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue.
The filling of gaps in memory with imaginary recollections is called
confabulation.
A drug that stimulates the central nervous system and produces wakefulness, alertness and the ability to concentrate is a _____.
stimulant
_________ were used as the active ingredient in nasal decongestant inhalers.
Amphetamines
_________ Inhibit appetite, help with weight-loss, increase alertness and can treat depression and ADHD when used appropriately. When misused, they are associated with violent and aggressive behavior.
Amphetamines
What is Polyneuritis?
The inflammation of a large number of peripheral nerves.
_____ syndrome is thought to result from a deficiency of vitamin B associated with an alcoholic’s poor dietary habits over time.
Korsakoff
______ Cause long-term injury to the brain. Intoxication produces auditory and tactile hallucinations and paranoia. Withdrawal may resemble a major depressive episode.
Amphetamines
More than ___% of U.S adults use caffeine regularly.
80%
Nearly one-third of north Americans have used this substance; it is the most widely used illicit drug in the US.
Cannabis
_______ produce marked changes in perception.
Hallucinogens
What is a narcotic?
An opiate drug that produces stupor and pain-relief.
________ drugs lower central nervous system activity and produce drowsiness and sedation.
Depressants
Narcotics are ______ drugs.
depressant
What is an antagonist drug?
A chemical that blocks receptor sites for another substance.
What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist drug?
Agonists substitute, antagonists block.
______ drugs have been widely prescribed for relief of anxiety and insomnia. These include barbiturates and benzodiazepines.
Sedative or tranquilizing
