Chapter 12 Flashcards
Model building codes define a high-rise building as being more than?
75 ‘ in height.
MORE THAN
High rise:
In reinforced concrete construction, the floors will be?
Concrete slab
High rise:
And steel frame buildings, the floors will be?
Light weight structural concrete placed over corrugated steel
High rise:
Typically, model building codes require_____fire resistance for the structural frame of a high-rise building, depending on the number of stories and occupancy
Two or three hours. And two hour fire resistance for floor construction
Fire protection features required for modern high-rise buildings:
Standpipes. Automatic sprinklers. Fire alarm systems. Smoke control systems. Fire command center/central control station.
A crucial aspect of fire protection in high-rise buildings
Standpipes
In buildings up to_or_stories, it might be possible to advance hose lines manually up stairwells
Nine or 10
One unavoidable problem with stand pipe systems is the variation of pressure in tandem with building height:
Hydrostatic pressure
NFPA___, mandates the use of pressure reducing valve that can be set according to the jurisdictions needs
14, Standard for the installation of stand pipe and hose systems
Valve installed at stampede connection that is designed to reduce the amount of water pressure at that discharge to a specific pressure usually___ PSI
100 psi
Pressure reducing valve
Smoke control systems:
All model building codes require smoke prove exit enclosures and all stairs serving floors?
75 feet or higher
High rise:
Many high-rise buildings, especially office buildings and hotels, are designed with a___floor plan
Central core
The___construction of high-rise buildings provides a certain degree of inherent compartmentalization and barriers to the vertical extension of fire and smoke
Fire resistive
Horizontal fire extension in a high-rise building depends on the?
Partitions that subdivide a floor
The elevator code requires a____where the elevator hoistway or elevator room is protected by automatic sprinklers
Shunt trip
This arrangement will shut down the power to the elevator before a sprinkler discharges water on the elevator equipment
Shunt trip
A circuit breaker used as a safety device in an elevator system. When electrical current service the device disconnect the power source
Shunt trip
___Must be followed for elevator use during an emergency
SOP’s/SOG’s
Only consider using elevators if the fire is?
Above the fifth floor
Never take an elevator?
Below ground level
Emergency operating mode for elevators
Phase 1 operation
Recalls the car to the terminal floor lobby or another floor as specified and opens the doors
Phase 1 operation
Toads contain mandatory provisions for the recall, there is one operational, of all passenger elevators with vertical travel?
Greater than 25 feet
Phase 1 operation can be triggered by the following:
Activation of automatic smoke detectors.
Activation of automatic sprinkler water flow alarms.
Activation of manual keyed to switch in the terminal floor lobby.
The requirement for a recall does not apply to___elevators
Freight elevators
In this phase, operationAutomatically stops all the cars that serve the farm floor if they are moving away from their terminal floor, the lobby.
Phase 1
This phase causes the cars to return nonstop to the lobby or other designated level if the alarm originated from the lobby
Phase 1
This elevator phase opens the car doors and keep them open when the car reaches the recall floor
Phase 1
This elevator phase operation is designed to prevent the deaths of civilians Who may find themselves in an elevator that is called to the fire floor.
Phase 1
Allows emergency use of the elevator with certain safeguards and special functions
Phase 2
Design to override the recall feature to permit firefighters to use the elevators after they arrive on scene
Phase 2
During this phase, and elevator becomes essentially a manually operated elevator
Phase 2
In this phase the doors do not open automatically in the operator must push the door open button in the car
Phase 2
Emergency stop button is in operable in this phase?
Phase 1
Typically to activate this phase operation, a firefighter must insert a key in a three position switch with in a car
Phase 2. “Fire service “
Probably the greatest single challenging in controlling fires in underground buildings comes from the difficulty in?
Venting heat and smoke
Smoke proof and closures are now required for buildings with levels more than___feet below the level of exit discharge
MORE THAN!
Underground buildings:
The maximum available fire resistant protection is typically__hours; therefore, fires exceeding this are a serious threat
4hrs
Pre-incident planning of these areas is essential for affective apparatus placement
Below grade spaces
Membrane structures:
Two types
Air supported and air inflated
A covered space with a fully open floor plan. These membrane Dom’s may be used for seasonal pop-up shops or a temporary structures use for weather protection while constructing a building inside the membrane structure
Air inflated structure
Membrane structure that uses air pressure to develop its initial shape, but may not use the air pressure throughout the entire, high profile, occupancy
Air inflated structure
Membrane structure that is fully or partially held up by Interior air pressure
Air supported structure
Freestanding structure that uses suspension cables for support.
Cable membrane structure. Also known as cable covered structure
The structural supports of this type of construction resemble the organization found in a suspension bridge
Cable membrane structures
These feature a rigid frame with a tension and membrane covering, usually with internal columns
Frame membrane structures
Structure supported primarily by a frame or skeleton rather than by loadbearing walls
Frame membrane structure
Detention and correctional facilities:
This fire protection feature specifically addresses the concept of shelter in place
Automatic sprinklers
Low profile sprinkler system and pendant used with concealed piping and correctional facilities and institutions were tampering of the system must be discouraged or prevented
Institutional sprinklers
Defined as an event that produces a rapid release of energy?
this sudden release of energy produces outward pressures often referred to as?
Explosion
Blast waves
No chemical reaction occurs in these explosions
Boiler explosion
Structural damage from an explosion can be mitigated through?
Containment or venting the forces
The maximum pressure reach during explosion may exceed?
10 times the atmospheric pressure
Ideally, explosion vent panels should not weigh?
MORE THAN 3 pounds per square foot
Types of explosion events include:
Louvered openings. Hangar type doors. Wall panels. Windows. Roof vents.
Rack storage:
Usually arranged?
Back to back. Double row racks
Rack storage:
Where houses may have multiple rows of racks wider than? Or with isles and narrower than?
Wider than 12
Narrower than 3.5’
Storage racks can range from a total height of____to an excess of____
Total height of 12 feet. To an excess of 100 feet
Storage rack unique fire protection problems:
High density of storage(high fire load)
Narrow aisles
Vertical fire spread through the rack spaces
