chapter 12

Question 1

oasis

Answer 1

is a wet, fertile area in a desert

Question 2

caravan

Answer 2

is a group of traders that travel together

Question 3

Muhammad

Answer 3

brought a new religion to Arabia

Question 4

Islam

Answer 4

the massages Muhammad received form the basis of the religion

Question 5

Muslim

Answer 5

a follower of Islam

Question 6

Qur’an

Answer 6

the holy book of Islam

Question 7

pilgrimage

Answer 7

a journey to a sacred place

Question 8

mosque

Answer 8

or building a Muslim prayer

Question 9

jihad

Answer 9

which means “to make an effort, or to struggle”

Question 10

Sunnah

Answer 10

refers to the way Muhammad lived, which provides a model for the duties and the way of life expected of Muslims

Question 11

Five Pillars of Islam

Answer 11

which is five acts of worship required of all Muslims

Question 12

Abu Baker

Answer 12

one of Muhammad first converts

Question 13

caliph

Answer 13

a title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam

Question 14

tolerance

Answer 14

or acceptance

Question 15

Janissaries

Answer 15

slave soldiers converted to Islam and became fierce warriors

Question 16

Mehmed the second

Answer 16

used huge cannons to conquer Constantinople

Question 17

Suleyman the first

Answer 17

the magnificent

Question 18

Shia

Answer 18

were Muslims who thought only Muhammad’s descendants could become caliphs

Question 19

Sunni

Answer 19

didn’t think caliphs had to be related to Muhammad

Question 20

Ibn Battutah

Answer 20

traveled to Africa, India, China, and Spain

Question 21

Sufism

Answer 21

others focused on spiritual issues, leading to a movement called Sufism

Question 22

Omar Khayyam

Answer 22

was a famous Sufi poets writiers

Question 23

patrons

Answer 23

or sponsors

Question 24

minaret

Answer 24

or narrow tower from where Muslims are called to prayer

Question 25

calligraphy

Answer 25

or decorative writing