Chapter 12 Flashcards
Personality
An individual’s characteristic style of behaving thinking and feeling
Self Report
A method in which a person provides subjective information about his or own thoughts, feelings, or behaviours, typically via questionnaire or interview
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
A well researched clinical questionare used to access personality and psychological problems
Projective Tests
Tests designed to reveal inner aspects of individuals’ personalities by analysis of their responses to a standard series of ambiguous stimuli
-designed to reveal hidden emotions and internal conflicts
Rorschach Inkblot Test
A projective technique in which respondents’ inner thoughts and feelings are believed to be revealed by analysis of their responses to a set of unstructured inkblots
Thematic Apperception Test
A projective technique in which respondents underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world are believed to be revelaed through analysis of the stories they make up about ambigous pictures of people
Trait
A relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way
-ex) orderliness
Big 5 dimensions of personality
openess to experience, consciousness, extraversion, agreeableness, nueroticism
Psychodynamic approach
An approach that regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness – motives that also can produce emotional disorders
ID
The part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, drives, impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives
-pleasure principle ie)hunger
Superego
The mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority
- opposite of the id
- guidelines and other codes of conduct that regulate and control our behaviour
- acts as a kind of conscious when we are doing or thinking of something wrong and rewarding us when living up to standards
- guilt/reward
- moral part of us
Ego
The component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with lifes practical demands
-mediator between id and superego
-conscious deciison making process
-
Defense Mechanisms
Unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses
-help us overcome anxiety and engage with the outside world
Psychosexual stages
Distinct early stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures
Fixation
A phenomenon in which a persons pleasure seeking drives become psychologically stuck, or arrested, or arrested at a particular psychosexual stage
Oral Stage
The first psychosexual stage in which experience centers on the pleasures and frustrations associated with the mouth, sucking a being fed
Anal Stage
The second psychosexual stage, in which experience is dominated by the pleasures and frustrations associated with the anus, retention and expulsion of feces and urine, and toiled training
Phallic Stage
The third psychosexual stage, in which experience is doinated by the pleasure, conflict, and frustration asociated with the hallic genetal region as well as coping with powerful incestuous feelings of love, hate, jealousy , and conflict
Oedipus Conflict
A developmental experience in which a childs conflicting feelings towards the opposite sex parent are usually resolved by identifying with the same sex parents
Latency Stage
The fourth psychosexual stage, in which the primary focus in on the further development of intellectual, creative, interperosnal and athletic skills
-NO FIXATION
Genital Stage
The fifth and final psychosexual stage, the time for the coming together of the mature adult personality with a capacity to love, work, and relate to others in a mutually satisfying and reciprocal manner
self-actualizing tendency
The human motive toward realizing our inner potential
- pursuit of knowledge
- quest for spiritual development
- expression of ones creativity
existential approach
A school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individual’s ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death
social cognitive approach
An approach that views personality in terms of how the person think about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them
- how personality a situation react to cause behaviour
- how peoples goals and expereinces infleunce reaction to a situation
Person Situation Controversy
The question of whether behaviour is caused more by personality or by situational factors
Personal constructs
dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences
- ppl view the social world from different perspectives
- ex = a clown..some ppl may see it as funny and some as very very scary
Outcome Expectancies
A person’s assumptions about the likley conseuqences of a future behaviour
- we learn this through direct experience
- rat..putting finger and pulling away
Locus of Control
A persons tendency to perceive the control of regarded as internal to the self or external in the environment
- internal = you have control over fate/destiny
- external = world controls it, luck
Self Concept
Persons explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics
Self Vertification
The tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self concept
Self Esteem
The extent to which an individual likes values and accepts the self
Self Serving Bias
Peoples tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsiblites for their faiilres
-ex ..test when its good you say good job me i studied well and when it goes but you blame it on teacher
Narcissm
A trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others
-seeing yourself in a way better than average
