Chapter 12

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

An individual’s characteristic style of behaving thinking and feeling

Question 2

Self Report

Answer 2

A method in which a person provides subjective information about his or own thoughts, feelings, or behaviours, typically via questionnaire or interview

Question 3

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Answer 3

A well researched clinical questionare used to access personality and psychological problems

Question 4

Projective Tests

Answer 4

Tests designed to reveal inner aspects of individuals’ personalities by analysis of their responses to a standard series of ambiguous stimuli
-designed to reveal hidden emotions and internal conflicts

Question 5

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 5

A projective technique in which respondents’ inner thoughts and feelings are believed to be revealed by analysis of their responses to a set of unstructured inkblots

Question 6

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 6

A projective technique in which respondents underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world are believed to be revelaed through analysis of the stories they make up about ambigous pictures of people

Question 7

Trait

Answer 7

A relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way
-ex) orderliness

Question 8

Big 5 dimensions of personality

Answer 8

openess to experience, consciousness, extraversion, agreeableness, nueroticism

Question 9

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 9

An approach that regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness – motives that also can produce emotional disorders

Question 10

ID

Answer 10

The part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, drives, impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives
-pleasure principle ie)hunger

Question 11

Superego

Answer 11

The mental system that reflects the internalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority

• opposite of the id
• guidelines and other codes of conduct that regulate and control our behaviour
• acts as a kind of conscious when we are doing or thinking of something wrong and rewarding us when living up to standards
• guilt/reward
• moral part of us

Question 12

Ego

Answer 12

The component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with lifes practical demands
-mediator between id and superego
-conscious deciison making process
-

Question 13

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 13

Unconscious coping mechanisms that reduce anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses
-help us overcome anxiety and engage with the outside world

Question 14

Psychosexual stages

Answer 14

Distinct early stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures

Question 15

Fixation

Answer 15

A phenomenon in which a persons pleasure seeking drives become psychologically stuck, or arrested, or arrested at a particular psychosexual stage

Question 16

Oral Stage

Answer 16

The first psychosexual stage in which experience centers on the pleasures and frustrations associated with the mouth, sucking a being fed

Question 17

Anal Stage

Answer 17

The second psychosexual stage, in which experience is dominated by the pleasures and frustrations associated with the anus, retention and expulsion of feces and urine, and toiled training

Question 18

Phallic Stage

Answer 18

The third psychosexual stage, in which experience is doinated by the pleasure, conflict, and frustration asociated with the hallic genetal region as well as coping with powerful incestuous feelings of love, hate, jealousy , and conflict

Question 19

Oedipus Conflict

Answer 19

A developmental experience in which a childs conflicting feelings towards the opposite sex parent are usually resolved by identifying with the same sex parents

Question 20

Latency Stage

Answer 20

The fourth psychosexual stage, in which the primary focus in on the further development of intellectual, creative, interperosnal and athletic skills
-NO FIXATION

Question 21

Genital Stage

Answer 21

The fifth and final psychosexual stage, the time for the coming together of the mature adult personality with a capacity to love, work, and relate to others in a mutually satisfying and reciprocal manner

Question 22

self-actualizing tendency

Answer 22

The human motive toward realizing our inner potential

• pursuit of knowledge
• quest for spiritual development
• expression of ones creativity

Question 23

existential approach

Answer 23

A school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individual’s ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death

Question 24

social cognitive approach

Answer 24

An approach that views personality in terms of how the person think about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them

• how personality a situation react to cause behaviour
• how peoples goals and expereinces infleunce reaction to a situation

Question 25

Person Situation Controversy

Answer 25

The question of whether behaviour is caused more by personality or by situational factors

Question 26

Personal constructs

Answer 26

dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences

• ppl view the social world from different perspectives
• ex = a clown..some ppl may see it as funny and some as very very scary

Question 27

Outcome Expectancies

Answer 27

A person’s assumptions about the likley conseuqences of a future behaviour

• we learn this through direct experience
• rat..putting finger and pulling away

Question 28

Locus of Control

Answer 28

A persons tendency to perceive the control of regarded as internal to the self or external in the environment

• internal = you have control over fate/destiny
• external = world controls it, luck

Question 29

Self Concept

Answer 29

Persons explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviors, traits, and other personal characteristics

Question 30

Self Vertification

Answer 30

The tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self concept

Question 31

Self Esteem

Answer 31

The extent to which an individual likes values and accepts the self

Question 32

Self Serving Bias

Answer 32

Peoples tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsiblites for their faiilres
-ex ..test when its good you say good job me i studied well and when it goes but you blame it on teacher

Question 33

Narcissm

Answer 33

A trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others
-seeing yourself in a way better than average