Chapter 10 Flashcards
Intelligence
The ability to use ones mind to solve novel problems and learn from experience
Ration IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing a person’s mental age by the person’s physical age and then multiplying the quotient by 100
Deviation IQ
A statistic obtained by dividing an adult’s test score by the average adult’s test score and then multiplying the quotient by 100
Spearman; Two Factor Theory of Intelligence
Spearman’s theory suggested that a person’s performance on a test is due to a combination of general ability and skills that are specific to the test
Crystallized Intelligence
The ability to apply knowledge that was acquired through experience
-measured with vocab tests and factual information
Fluid Intelligence
The ability to solve and reason about novel problems
-measured with tests that present people with abstract problems
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to reason about emotions and to use emotions to enhance reasoning
- know how to use emotions to improve decisions
- manage their emotions
- more competent in their actions… they are better friends
Fraternal Twins (dizygotic twins)
Twins who develop from two different eggs that were fertilized by two different sperm
-share 50% of their genes (like regular siblings)
Identical Twins (monozygotic twins)
Twins who develop from the splitting of a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm
-share 100% of their genes
Heritability Coefficient (h^2)
A statistic that describes the proportion of the difference between people’s IQ scores that can be explained by differences in their genes
- larger # = caused by genetics
- lower# = caused by environment
Shared Environment
features of the environment that are experienced by all relevant members of a household
-siblings get same food, nutrition, and access to books
Nonshared Environment
Features of the environment that are not experienced by al relevant members of a household
-different friends, teachers, illnesses ..etc
Stereotype Threat
The fear of confirming the negative beliefs that others may hold
- it can exert a powerful influence on people’s test performance
- when asian amercian women are reminded of their gender bc of stereotype, they can perform poorly
- same goes w blacks
Cognitive Enhancers
Drugs that improve the psychological processes that underlie intelligent performance
-Adderal -> has been shown to enhance cognitive performance
