Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is the single subject approach?
repeatedly measure the dependent variable for a single subject within each of all the conditions of an experiment.
Clinical Significance
The practical importance of a result.
Statistical Significance
is the probability of some result from a statistical test occurring by chance.
What are the advantages of single subject research vs. Group research?
1) focusing on individual performance
2) focusing on big effects
3) Avoiding ethical and practical problems
4) flexibility in design
What are disadvantages to single subject research?
1) May miss small but important experimental effect.
2) Some effects by necessity are between subject.
What is an ABA design?
Includes a BASELINE phase, a TREATMENT phase and then subsequent withdrawal of treatment.
Problems with ABA design
1) Leaves subject in original state
2) Not fully reversible
3) no replication
4) Ethics
What is an ABAB design?
Has a BASELINE phase, TREATMENT phase, and then the reversal phase. after the reversal phase TREATMENT is applied again.
When is an ABAB design superior to ABA design?
1) replication
2) leaves subject with full benefit of training.
What is multiple baseline design?
Introduce experimental manipulation at different times across behaviours to see if the change in dependent measures coincides with the manipulation.
What is Alternating treatment design?
Frequently vary conditions between or within sessions, the purpose is to compare treatments.
What is the changing criterion design?
Several successive phases marked by the ascending or descending of the IV.
Each phase functions as the baseline for the next phase.
