Chapter 12 Flashcards
Infectious diseases
those diseases caused by microbes that can be passed to or among humans by several methods, including contact with infectious agents that gain entry to the body through a variety of portals, including the skin, mouth, nose and body parts engaged in sexual contact
Best prevention from infection
adopting a risk free or low risk lifestyle that includes protective devices, immunizations, and sanitary health habits.
Top cause of infant death:
unintentional suffocation which is often attributed to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Recommendations to reduce SIDS include
Promote Back to Sleep message in child care programs
Raising awareness and change practices in child care settings
Disseminating information on national child care recommendations and standards related to SIDS risk reduction
Supporting states to enhance existing and establish new child care regulation
MVA prevention birth-age 2:
Rear-facing child safety seat, in the back seat, buckled with the seat’s harness until they reach the weight limit
MVA prevention ages 2-4 or 40 lbs:
Forward facing child safety seat, in the back seat buckled with the seat’s harness until they reach the weight lim
MVA prevention 4-8 or 4’9”
Booster seat in the back seat with belt
MVA prevention after age 8 or over 4’9”
seat belt preferably in the back seat
Burn safety tips:
ensuring homes are equipped with smoke alarms, creating and practicing escape plans, cooking with care and lowering water heater temperature to below 120 degrees F
What is the leading cause of mortality in children?
firearm death
Heat exhaustion symptoms:
nausea, dizziness, weakness, headache, pale and moist skin, heavy perspiration, normal or low body temperature weak pulse, dilated pupils, disorientation, fainting spells
Heat stroke symptoms:
characterized by fever of 104F or higher, severe headache, dizziness and feeling lightheaded, a flushed or red appearance to the skin, lack of sweating, muscle weakness or cramps, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, tachypnea, feeling confused or anxious and possibly seizures
Football most common injuries:
soft tissue injuries, damage to bones and internal organs. Knee and ankle are most common injury sites
Basketball most common injuries:
sprains, strains, bruises, fractures, dislocations, abrasions and dental injuries. Vulnerable joints include the ankles and shoulders. Females have higher incidence of knee injuries secondary to LE alignment
Soccer most common injuries:
abrasions, lacerations and bruises. Heading may cause head injury or concussion
Baseball and softball most common injuries:
those that relate to sliding or being hit by a ball, resulting in soft tissue injury or fracture
Track and field most common injuries:
sprains, strains and abrasions
Leading cause of fire related deaths:
smoking
Primary cause of residential fires
cooking
Symptoms of botulism:
double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty with swallowing, dry mouth and muscle weakness that descend through the body (starting at shoulder and moving down)
When do botulism symptoms begin?
within 6 hours to 2 weeks (most commonly between 12 and 36 hours) after eating contaminated food
What is the leading preventable cause of death in US?
cigarette smoking
Most common workplace injuries:
strains, sprains, and tears and the areas of the body most commonly injured are the back, upper extremities, lower extremities and trunk
Vulnerability factors for intimate partner violence:
A history of physical abuse Prior injury from the same partner Having a verbally abusive partner Economic stress Partner history of alcohol or drug abuse Childhood abuse Being under the age of 24
What is the leading cause of nonfatal injury in children younger than 19?
unintentional falls
What do infants fall from?
furniture, stairs or walkers
What do toddlers fall from?
windows and balconies
What do older children fall from?
bicycles, skateboards, scooters and playground equipment
Heavy drinking for men:
more than 2 drinks/day
Heavy drinking for women:
more than 1/day
Binge drinking for men:
5 or more drinks during a single session for men
Binge drinking for women:
4 or more drinks during a single occasion
