Chapter 12

Question 1

what are psychological disorders characterized by?

Answer 1

distressful, dysfunctional, and deviant thoughts/behaviors/feelings

Question 2

how have the number of diagnoses and the number of people diagnosed with disorders have changed since the 1950s?

Answer 2

-

Question 3

what are the major characteristics of phobias?

Answer 3

persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation

Question 4

what are the major characteristics of GAD?

Answer 4

continually tense, fearful, sleep deprived, state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 5

what are the major characteristics of panic disorder?

Answer 5

unpredictable instances of intense dread; choking, chest pain, other frightening instances

Question 6

what are the major characteristics of OCD?

Answer 6

unwanted and repetitive thoughts (obsessive) and/or actions (compulsions)

Question 7

are males or females more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders?

Answer 7

females

Question 8

what is the association between Group A strep and OCD?

Answer 8

-

Question 9

what are the characteristics of antisocial personality disorder?

Answer 9

exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

Question 10

what factors might play a part in the development of antisocial personality disorder?

Answer 10

genetics, childhood abuse, frontal lobe abilities

Question 11

what are the four categories of symptoms for substance abuse disorders?

Answer 11

failure to meet obligations,

repeated use in situations where it is physically dangerous,

continued use despite problems caused by the substance,

repeated substance-related legal problems

Question 12

what is tolerance?

Answer 12

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

Question 13

what can withdrawal from depressants be associated with?

Answer 13

severe physical symptoms

Question 14

what percentage of college students report academic problems related to alcohol use?

Answer 14

9/10

Question 15

approximately how many students die each year from alcohol-related accidents? how many receive unintentional injuries while under the influence of alcohol?

Answer 15

1400; 500,000

Question 16

what is the long-term effect of ecstasy on serotonin?

Answer 16

damages natural serotonin-producing neurons

Question 17

what are the adverse effects of marijuana use for which there is research evidence?

Answer 17

impaired learning/memory, increased risk of psychological disorders, lung damage from smoke

Question 18

how does driving under the influence of marijuana affect your chances of being in an accident?

Answer 18

impairs motor coordination, perceptual skills, and reaction time

Question 19

give a basic description of dissociative disorder.

Answer 19

conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 20

give a basic description of major depression.

Answer 20

two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities

Question 21

give a basic description of bipolar i.

Answer 21

alternation between lethargy and mania

Question 22

give a basic description of bipolar ii.

Answer 22

-

Question 23

give a basic description of schizophrenia.

Answer 23

group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions/actions

Question 24

what is “word salad”?

Answer 24

-

Question 25

how does major depression affect sleep and appetite?

Answer 25

-

Question 26

what is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 26

inappropriate behaviors present, vs absent