Chapter 12

Question 1

X and Y

Answer 1

sex chromosomes

Question 2

all other chromosomes

Answer 2

autosomes

Question 3

traits determined by alleles on the sex chromosomes

Answer 3

sex-linked traits

Question 4

fruit fly eye color is an example of

Answer 4

sex-linked traits

Question 5

created by comparing the frequency of cross-over for three or more characteristics

Answer 5

chromosome map

Question 6

percentage of crossover is proportional to the distance between genes on a chromosomes

Answer 6

map units

Question 7

change in DNA at the genes or in the chromosome themselves

Answer 7

mutations

Question 8

piece of chromosome breaks off and is lost

Answer 8

deletion

Question 9

chromosome breaks off and reattaches itself in the reverse orientation

Answer 9

inversion

Question 10

a broken piece of chromosome attaches to a non-homologous chromosome

Answer 10

translocation

Question 11

a replicated chromosome pair fails to separate during cell division

Answer 11

nondisjunction

Question 12

substitution, addition, or deletion of a single nitrogen base

Answer 12

point mutation

Question 13

least damaging point mutation

Answer 13

substitution

Question 14

point mutation that results only from an addition or deletion of a nitrogen base; causes the genetic message to be read out of order

Answer 14

frameshift mutation

Question 15

family record that shows how a trait is inherited over generatio

Answer 15

pedigree study

Question 16

trait that is controlled by 3 or more alleles for the gene that code for a single trait

Answer 16

multiple allele traits

Question 17

condition where the zygote only 45 chromosomes

Answer 17

monosomy

Question 18

condition where the zygote has 47 chromosomes

Answer 18

trisomy

Question 19

downe’s syndrome is the least ___ and has an ___ 21 chromosome

Answer 19

destructive extra

Question 20

picture of a person’s chromosomes

Answer 20

karyotyping