Chapter 12 Flashcards
Basic Industries
Industries that sell their products to consumers primarily outside the settlement.
Business services
Services that primarily meet the needs of other businesses, including professional, financial, and transportation services.
Central place
A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area.
Central place theory
A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide for a larger number of people who are willing to travel further
City-state
a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland
Clustered rural settlement
a rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other and fields surround the settlement
Consumer Services
businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services
Dispersed rural settlement
a rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
Economic base
a community’s collection of basic industries
Enclosure movement
the process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century
Gravity model
a model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
Market area/hinterland
the area surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services
Nonbasic industries
industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
Primate city
the largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
Primate city rule
a pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
Public services
services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
Range (of a service)
the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
Rank-size rule
a pattern of settlements in a country such that the (n)th largest settlement is 1/(n) the population of the largest settlement
Service
any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it
Settlement
a permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants
Threshold
the minimum number of people needed to support the service
Urbanization
an increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements
