Chapter 12

Question 1

Halogination

Answer 1

Alkanes reaction with X2

High temperature or hv (energy of photon ultraviolet) needed as a high source of energy

Chlorination and bromination

CH4 + X2 = CH3X + HX

Question 2

Homokytic bonds

Answer 2

Binds cleaved where both sides get treated the same (get 1 electron each)

Two sides are called radicals, very réactive

During halogénation, most stable radical is made

Radical removes the hydrogen that would produce the radical of highest degree (more stable)

Tertiary radicals are the most stable

Question 3

Chlorination

Answer 3

Chlorination of an alkane gives a mixture of every possible isomer having the same skeleton as the starting alkane. Useful for synthesis only when all hydrogens in a molecule are equivalent.

Not as highly Regioselective as bromination

1: x
2: 4x
3: 5x

Question 4

Stereoselectivity radical substitution

Answer 4

Racemic mixture

No leaving group to cause hyderance to the arriving bromide

If reactant was optically active, it starts being racemic

Question 5

Allylic radicals

Answer 5

2 resonance structures always

Question 6

Benzylic radicals

Answer 6

5 resonance contiebutors

More stable that alkyl