Chapter 1.2 Flashcards
is seen to be the trait which emphasizes ambition, acquisition of wealth, and differentiated gender roles.
Masculinity
is seen to be the trait which stress caring and nurturing behaviors, sexuality equality, environmental awareness, and more fluid gender roles.
Femininity
➢ a social psychologist, was one of the first people to define cultures by gendered traits.
➢ His theory says that cultures can be categorized by gender based on how they stress the balance between individual achievement and social nurturing.
➢Moreover, he says that people within societies often take on gender roles that are prescribed by whether a society is masculine or feminine
Geert Hoftsede
Acc to Geert Hoftstede, a ______ is one that stresses different expectations for men and women.
➢ In this type of culture, men are expected to be assertive, competitive, and focused on material success.
➢In contrast, Hofstede says a ______ is one where gender roles are more fluid.
➢Women are expected to be nurturing and focused on people and quality of life.
masculine culture or masculine society
feminine culture or feminine society
Geert Hoftstede
It’s important to note that Hofstede’s descriptions of these cultural types are based on______. That doesn’t mean that every woman is nurturing and thinking about how to live a fulfilling life or that every man is out to make the most money possible. It just means that those are the stereotypes. Even within so-called masculine cultures, which stress the stereotypical gender roles, there are women who are more focused on competition and achievement and men who are focused on nurturing people. Of course, there are also people of both sexes that are focused on both achievement and also enjoying time with the people around them.
gender stereotypes
says something about the expected behavior of men and women in any given society.
The cultural dimension Masculinity – Femininity
To simplify the Cultural Dimension Masculinity-Femininity: in high scoring cultures, there seems to be relatively little role overlap;
➢ ______ are supposed to provide for their families, be the head of the family and do manly tasks like taking the garbage out.
➢ While in more feminine societies, there is more role overlap; here it is OK if a ______ earns more than a man and the “stay at home dad” is more accepted than in masculine societies.
Men, woman
Differences within one country are called
Intra-cultural differences
Are these a masc or femme country?
• Japan (highest scoring country in the world!)
• USA (not surprisingly maybe)
• The UK
• Italy
• Nigeria
Examples of Masculinity Countries
Are these masc or femme countries?
• The Netherlands
• Nordic Countries
• Iceland
• Chile
• Thailand
Examples of Feminine Countries
indicates that there is a greater importance place on attaining personal goals. A person’s self-image in this category is defined as “Ï”.
Individualism
indicates that there is a greater importance placed on the goals and well-being of the group. A person’s self-image in this category is defined as “We”.Our society has a set of ideas about how we expect men and women to dress, behave, and present themselves.
Collectivism
in society means how we’re expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex.
For example, girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing. Men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold.
Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role expectations, but they can be very different from group to group. They can also change in the same society over time.
For example, pink used to be considered a masculine color in the U.S. while blue was considered feminine.
Gender roles
Three types of labor or gender roles as broken down by gender analysis:
- Productive role
- Reproductive role
- Community role
related to the production of goods and services; can be paid or unpaid
Productive role
