Chapter 12

Question 1

the technology that works on manipulating the genome to correct
defective genes to treat heritable diseases is known as __________

Answer 1

Gene Therapy

Question 2

Gene therapy is a
therapeutic strategy u genetic engineering techniques to cure diseases or
disorders caused by a __________.

Answer 2

genetic problem

Question 3

allows the correction of disease-causing mutations to
prevent the onset of diseases.

Answer 3

Gene Therapy

Question 4

Gene Therapy involves the process known as _____________,
which results in modified genes.

Answer 4

Gene Editing

Question 5

___________ is more precise than genetic
engineering which targets a specific sequence.

Answer 5

Gene editing

Question 6

_____ are often called the ________ of life that carry the information responsible for the individual’s traits.

Answer 6

genes, blueprint

Question 7

______ contains the instruction
that directs the cells in our body to make
proteins.

Answer 7

DNA or genes

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Question 9

produces
pigments, makes muscles strong, and kills bacteria that invade our cells.

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

produced by specific genes in the cells of our body line
together to form the skin and the fingernails

Answer 10

Keratin Protein

Question 11

a complete set of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) or genes in
cell or organism. It contains all the information needed by the cells in our body
to build, grow, and develop.

Answer 11

Genome

Question 12

consists of DNA packed together in 46
chromosomes.

Answer 12

Human genome

Question 13

chromosomes are in ___________ pairs.

Answer 13

homologous

Question 14

Each pair
contains a ___________(from the father) and a __________
(from the mother).

Answer 14

paternal chromosome, maternal chromosome

Question 15

each human cells have ________ of chromosomes.

Answer 15

23 pairs

Question 16

Twenty-two pairs are __________ described as non-sex chromosomes and a
pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes). T

Answer 16

autosomes

Question 17

A chromosome consists 2 chromatids known as ____________ which
of contain sequences of DNA or
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

Answer 17

sister chromatids

Question 18

__ is a double helix structure consisting of 2
strands. Each ___ strand is composed of many genes made up of many chemical bases such as _____, ____, _______, ______.

Answer 18

DNA, DNA ,Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)

Question 19

Changes in the sequence of DNA will lead to the development of _________

Answer 19

genetic
disorders.

Question 20

are diseases caused by a mutation or change in the
DNA sequence of an individual. T

Answer 20

Genetic Disorders

Question 21

Mutations in specific genes cause these. These
disorders are either a.) autosomal single-gene disorder and b.) X-linked
disorder.

Answer 21

Single-Gene Disorders.

Question 22

It happens when the altered
genes occur in the 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes.

Answer 22

The Autosomal single-gene disorder.

Question 23

It refers to diseases in which the altered genes
occur in the sex chromosomes, specifically the X chromosomes.

Answer 23

X-linked disorder.

Question 24

-born with an extra X chromosome.
-instead of the typical XY chromosomes in men, they have XXY, so this condition is sometimes called XXY syndrome.

Answer 24

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 25

-occurs when a female is born with only one X chromosomes instead of two

Answer 25

Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X)

Question 26

-occurs because of the extra copy of chromosome 21, which can cause the body and brain to develop differently than a child without the syndrome

Answer 26

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Question 27

caused by having an additional copy of chromosome 13 in some or all of the body's cells.

Answer 27

Patau’s Syndrome (Trisomy 13)

Question 28

caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 18th chromosome.

Answer 28

Edward’s Syndrome (Trisomy 18)

Question 29

Changes in multiple genes combined with environmental and lifestyle factors such as diet or cigarette smoke caused multifactorial inheritance

Answer 29

Multifactorial Inheritance (Complex or Polygenic Inheritance).

Question 30

______ et al. (2018) described _________ as a method of treating or preventing diseases by replacing, repairing, or turning on or off genes of a patient's cells.

Answer 30

Bautista, Gene Therapy

Question 31

The gene therapy method of treating conditions involves ________ or without _________ to move DNA or genes to one cell.

Answer 31

using vectors (Viral Methods), vectors (Non-viral Methods)

Question 32

are vehicles or agents used to introduce or insert genes into the cell.

Answer 32

Vectors

Question 33

In the ________, the simplest way is the injection of naked DNA.

Answer 33

non-viral method

Question 34

-It is not related to reproductive gene therapy. -The genes are introduced to cells in the target organ (non-sex cells) to produce enzymes needed by the body to function well without altering the organism's genetic make-up. -The changes caused are not transferred to the offspring.

Answer 34

Somatic Gene Therapy

Question 35

It involves introducing corrective genes to sex cells (sperm cells, egg cells) or 4-day old zygotes. The process removes the abnormalities that the offspring may inherit.

Answer 35

Reproductive Gene Therapy or Germ-line Cell Therapy

Question 36

This must reach the cell or target organ accurately

Answer 36

Modified gene

Question 37

transfer of genes in cultured cells and will be reinjected to the body of the patient.

Answer 37

Ex vivo

Question 38

-introduction of therapeutic gene into the vector injected directly to the body. -Can be carried out using viral or non-viral vectors

Answer 38

In vivo

Question 39

refers to carrier particles or molecules used to deliver genes.

Answer 39

Vector

Question 40

depend on physical or chemical methods of delivering genetic material into a cell. This can either a physical technique (like a needle entering a cell) or a chemical technique (created in a lab).

Answer 40

Non-viral sectors

Question 41

are built using a blueprint of a virus—not the actual virus itself. Scientists only use the parts of the blueprint of the virus that help with delivering genetic maternal.

Answer 41

Viral vectors

Question 42

provide an ideal model for delivering gene therapy to a host cell—the target location where a researcher will want gene therapy to treat a genetic mutation.

Answer 42

Viruses