Chapter 12 Flashcards
Electric Charge
Property of matter that causes it to experience a force under an electromagnetic field
Electrostatic Force
The force exerted between electrically charged objects that are at rest relative to each other
Electron
Subatomic Particle with negative charge
Conductor
A material or substance that allows the flow of electric charge through it with minimal resistance
Some include: metals, certain liquids
Insulator
A material or substance that does not allow the flow of electric charge through it easily
Tightly bound electrons
Some include: rubber, plastic, glass, ceramic, and dry wood
Semiconductor
A material that has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator
Have properties that allow them to selectively conduct or block the flow of electric charge under certain conditions
Electric Dipole
A pair of equal and opposite electric charges separated by a distance, resulting in a dipole moment
Polarization
The alignment or orientation of electric dipole moments in a material or electromagnetic wave
Coulomb’s Law
A fundamental principle in electromagnetism that describes the electrostatic force between two electrically charged objects
Coulomb’s Constant
k = 9 x 10^9 N m^2 / C^2
Electric Field
The force experienced by a charged particle at any given point in space due to the presence of other charged particles or electrically charged objects
Field Lines
A visual representation used to depict the direction and strength of a vector field, such as an electric field or a magnetic field
Capacitor
A passive electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field between two conductive plates, known as the capacitor’s electrodes
Electric Potential
A scalar field quantity that describes the electric potential energy per unit charge at a point in space due to the presence of electric charges or an electric field, also known as voltage
