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AP Bio > Chapter 12+13 > Flashcards

Chapter 12+13 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell division

A

reproduction of cells

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2
Q

Cell cycle

A

cell division cycle

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3
Q

chromosomes

A

packages of DNA

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4
Q

genome

A

DNA’s genetic information

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5
Q

somatic cells

A

have 46 chromosomes in humans

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6
Q

gametes

A

have 23 chromosomes in humans

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7
Q

sister chromatids

A

chromosome has two of them

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8
Q

centromere

A

condensed “waist” of chromosome

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9
Q

mitosis

A

somatic division

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10
Q

cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm

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11
Q

meiosis

A

gamete division

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12
Q

interphase

A

cell growth

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13
Q

G1 phase

A

cell grows

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14
Q

S phase

A

cell synthesizes

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15
Q

G2 phase

A

cell makes preparations for division

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16
Q

centrosome

A

where spindle microtubules form

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17
Q

mitotic spindle

A

divides cells

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18
Q

aster

A

array of short microtubules from centrosome

19
Q

kinetochore

A

where mitotic spindle connects

20
Q

metaphase plate

A

where chromosomes line up

21
Q

cleavage furrow

A

where cell beings to divide by pinching for animals

22
Q

cell plate

A

instead of cleavage, wall forms for plants

23
Q

binary fission

A

mitosis for bacteria

24
Q

cell cycle control system

A

timing system that controls different phases of cell division

25
Q

checkpoint

A

tells cell to either stop or go based on regulation

26
Q

G0 phase

A

when cell stops at checkpoint

27
Q

CDKs and MPF

A

as a pair, drive cell cycle

28
Q

growth factor

A

also stimulates growth

29
Q

density-dependent inhibition

A

container bottom layer analogy

30
Q

anchorage dependence

A

cell culture has to attach to substrate

31
Q

metastasis

A

spread of cancer cells

32
Q

sexual reproduction

A

two parents give birth to a unique genetic set

33
Q

karyotype

A

certain order of chromosome

34
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

chromosomes with matching positions

35
Q

sex chromsomes

A

X and Y

36
Q

autosomes

A

the other chromosomes

37
Q

diploid cell

A

chromsome with two sets 2n (humans 2n=46)

38
Q

haploid cell

A

one set (human n=23)

39
Q

fertilization

A

combination of male and female gametes

40
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg

41
Q

meiosis pevents ___chromosomes

A

96

42
Q

synapsis

A

chromosomes zippering up

43
Q

tetrad

A

two X

44
Q

chiasma

A

site of crossing over

AP Bio (8 decks)

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