Chapter 12+13 Flashcards by Aidan Goltra

Q

cell division

A

reproduction of cells

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Q

Cell cycle

A

cell division cycle

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Q

chromosomes

A

packages of DNA

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Q

genome

A

DNA’s genetic information

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Q

somatic cells

A

have 46 chromosomes in humans

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Q

gametes

A

have 23 chromosomes in humans

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Q

sister chromatids

A

chromosome has two of them

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Q

centromere

A

condensed “waist” of chromosome

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Q

mitosis

A

somatic division

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Q

cytokinesis

A

division of the cytoplasm

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Q

meiosis

A

gamete division

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Q

interphase

A

cell growth

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Q

G1 phase

A

cell grows

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Q

S phase

A

cell synthesizes

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Q

G2 phase

A

cell makes preparations for division

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Q

centrosome

A

where spindle microtubules form

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Q

mitotic spindle

A

divides cells

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Q

aster

A

array of short microtubules from centrosome

Q

kinetochore

A

where mitotic spindle connects

Q

metaphase plate

A

where chromosomes line up

Q

cleavage furrow

A

where cell beings to divide by pinching for animals

Q

cell plate

A

instead of cleavage, wall forms for plants

Q

binary fission

A

mitosis for bacteria

Q

cell cycle control system

A

timing system that controls different phases of cell division

checkpoint

tells cell to either stop or go based on regulation

G0 phase

when cell stops at checkpoint

CDKs and MPF

as a pair, drive cell cycle

growth factor

also stimulates growth

density-dependent inhibition

container bottom layer analogy

anchorage dependence

cell culture has to attach to substrate

metastasis

spread of cancer cells

sexual reproduction

two parents give birth to a unique genetic set

karyotype

certain order of chromosome

homologous chromosomes

chromosomes with matching positions

sex chromsomes

X and Y

autosomes

the other chromosomes

diploid cell

chromsome with two sets 2n (humans 2n=46)

haploid cell

one set (human n=23)

fertilization

combination of male and female gametes

zygote

fertilized egg

meiosis pevents ___chromosomes

96

synapsis

chromosomes zippering up

tetrad

two X

chiasma

site of crossing over