Chapter 12 Flashcards
How do we communicate nonverbally?
Body movements, facial expressions, and vocal tones.
How do men and women differ in nonverbal communication?
Women tend to read emotional cues more easily and be more empathetic. Their faces also express more emotion.
How are gestures and facial expressions understood within and across cultures?
The meaning of gestures varies across cultures; facial expressions are similar across cultures. Facial expressions are interpreted differently depending on the situation. Culture dictates how much emotion is expressed.
What is the facial feedback effect?
Facial expressions can trigger emotions. Thus, mimicking others’ expressions helps us empathize with them.
What is the behavioural feedback effect?
Our behaviour can influence our own thoughts and feelings as well as those of others.
What is the James-Lange theory?
Emotions are a result of physiological activity (we are scared because we can feel our heart racing)
What is the Cannon-Bard theory?
Physiological arousal and emotion occur simultaneously due to the emotion-arousing stimulus (our heart races at the same time as we feel fear)
What is the Schachter-Singer theory?
How we interpret our physiological arousal based on the situation affects our emotion. Two factors: physiological arousal and a conscious interpretation of the arousal.
What is Zajonc and LeDoux’s theory?
Some emotional responses skip the cortex and go straight to the amygdala; they don’t need any conscious interpretation.
What is Lazarus’s theory?
Emotions arise when we appraise an event as harmless or dangerous; cognitive appraisal of a stimulus defines emotions.
What does the sympathetic division of the automatic nervous system do?
Dilate pupils, decrease salivation, decrease digestion, increase perspiration, increase breathing + heart rate, secrete stress hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine), reduce immune function.
What does the parasympathetic division of the automatic nervous system do?
Contract pupils, increase salivation + digestion, dry skin, decrease breathing + heart rate, decrease secretion of stress hormones, enhance immune functioning.
What are the six basic facial expressions?
Fear, sadness, happiness, anger, surprise/shock, disgust
