Chapter 12 Flashcards
H2 and Metal Catalyst Pd-C
Alkene to Alkane
Syn addition
H2 and Lindlar Catalyst
Lindlar= Pd-CaCO3 or Pb(OCOCH3) + quinoline
Alkyne to Alkene
Syn addition
Na NH3
Alkyne to Alkene
Anti addition
1) LiAlH4
2)H2O
(Alkyl Halide)
Alkyl Halides to Alkane
SN2 Mechanism
1) LiAlH4
2)H2O
Epoxide to alcohol
Anti addition
SN2
Can also use NaBH4
Primary Alcohol Oxidation
Alcohol to aldehyde or carboxylic acid (only if in H2O)
Oxidants: CrO3, K2Cr2O7 or Na2Cr2O7 (in H2SO4)
, PCC (organic solute)
Secondary Alcohol Oxidation
Alcohol to Ketone
Tertiary Alcohol Oxidation
No Reaction
mCPBA or RCO3H
Alkene to epoxide
mCPBA or RCO3H +H2O (OH-)
Alkene to Diol
Anti addition
1) Br2 + H2O
2) NaH
Alkene to Epoxide
Halogenated Alcohol intermediary
1) KMnO4
2) H2O, OH-
Alkene to diol
Syn addition
1) OsO4
2) NaHSO3, H2O
Alkene to diol
Syn addition
1) O3
2) Zn, H2O
Alkene splits along double bond. Two compounds formed with new double bonds to oxygen.
1) O3
2) CH3SCH3
Alkene splits along double bond, two compounds formed with new double bonds to oxygen.
Internal Alkyne Ozonolysis
1) O3
2) H2O
Results in two carboxylic acids
Terminal Alkyne Ozonolysis
1) O3
2)H2O
Results in one carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide
Alkene to Alkane
Syn addition
H2 and Metal Catalyst Pd-C
Lindlar= Pd-CaCO3 or Pb(OCOCH3) + quinoline
Alkyne to Alkene
Syn addition
H2 and Lindlar Catalyst
Alkyne to Alkene
Anti addition
Na NH3
Alkyl Halides to Alkane
SN2 Mechanism
1) LiAlH4
2)H2O
(Alkyl Halide)
Epoxide to alcohol
Anti addition
SN2
Can also use NaBH4
1) LiAlH4
2)H2O
Alcohol to aldehyde or carboxylic acid (only if in H2O)
Oxidants: CrO3, K2Cr2O7 or Na2Cr2O7, PCC (organic solute)
Primary Alcohol Oxidation
Alcohol to Ketone
Secondary Alcohol Oxidation
No Reaction
Tertiary Alcohol Oxidation
Alkene to epoxide
mCPBA or RCO3H
Alkene to Diol
Anti addition
mCPBA or RCO3H +H2O (OH-)
Alkene to Epoxide
Halogenated Alcohol intermediary
1) Br2 + H2O
2) NaH
Alkene to diol
Syn addition
1) KMnO4
2) H2O, OH-
Alkene to diol
Syn addition
1) OsO4
2) NaHSO3, H2O
Alkene splits along double bond. Two compounds formed with new double bonds to oxygen.
1) O3
2) Zn, H2O
Alkene splits along double bond, two compounds formed with new double bonds to oxygen.
1) O3
2) CH3SCH3
1) O3
2) H2O
Results in two carboxylic acids
Internal Alkyne Ozonolysis
1) O3
2)H2O
Results in one carboxylic acid and carbon dioxide
Terminal Alkyne Ozonolysis
Alkyl Halide to Alkene
Elimination
KOC(CH3)3
KOC(CH3)3
Alkyl Halide to Alkene
E2 Mechanism